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题型:阅读理解 题类:常考题 难易度:普通

内蒙古杭锦后旗奋斗中学2017-2018学年高二上学期英语第一次月考试卷

阅读理解

    A cellphone is one of the few things that we hold close to our faces all the time, and yet it could possibly explode - this is what made the recent Samsung's Galaxy Note 7 smart-phone accidents so shocking.

   According to technology news website The Verge, flawed(有瑕疵的)phone batteries might be to blame.

    Even if you are not a science student, you probably know that it is common sense that the anode (the negative(负的)end of the battery) and the cathode (the positive end) should never touch. If they do, the battery will short-circuit(短路), causing a powerful electrical reaction that can destroy the battery and cause a fire.

    This is why all lithium-ion(锂离子)batteries - the kind that can be found in many of our devices like tablets and cameras - have a separator layer inside to stop the two ends from touching one another.

    But somehow, the separators in some of the Samsung phones broke, causing explosions.

    Overcharging is another problem that can make batteries heat up quickly. Fortunately, most batteries are designed to be able to automatically stop charging once they are fully charged. But again, this somehow failed to happen in some of the Samsung phones.

    The two “somehows” may sound random(随机的)and hard to explain. But they actually both come from the fact that phone producers have been pushing the limits of batteries to meet customers' demand for a longer battery life.

    According to Lynden Archer, a materials scientist at Cornell University, US, we have already achieved 90 percent of the battery life possible from a lithium-ion battery. Customers' demand that their devices get thinner has also given producers little choice but to try to put more power into thinner batteries.

     “The more energy you put into a box, the more dangerous it's going to be,” Billy Wu, a lecturer at Imperial College London, told The Guardian.

    A thinner battery also means producers have to use thinner material for separators, and thinner material has more chance of breaking.

(1)、A separator layer is put in lithium-ion batteries in order to ___________.
A、ensure a longer battery life B、prevent a battery from short circuiting C、connect the anode and the cathode D、reduce a certain electrical reaction
(2)、What are the direct reasons for the Samsung phone explosions?
A、Short circuiting and overheating B、Pushing the limits of batteries C、Overcharging and thinner batteries D、Automatic charging and broken separators
(3)、Lynden Archer's comments indicate that ___________.
A、demands for thinner cellphones are unreasonable B、lithium-ion batteries can't hold much more power than that they do now C、producers can use 10 percent of a lithium-ion battery D、new material for batteries is needed to meet consumers' demands
(4)、What is the writer's main purpose of writing the article?
A、To describe problems facing cellphone producers B、To explain the reasons for the Samsung phone explosions C、To teach us common sense when it comes to batteries D、To warn us about the dangers of lithium-ion batteries
举一反三
根据短文内容, 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

    Do you still remember the haze(雾霾)in the winter? So many people got terribly ill during or after the haze. {#blank#}1{#/blank#}Here is advice for you to protect yourself in hazy weather.

    Spend less time outdoors.This is the most effective way for self-protection in such bad weather.With PM2.5 increasing 103mg per cubic meter,residents will risk a 2.29% increase of death,which experts found out in 2012.If you have to get out,avoid riding bicycles.{#blank#}2{#/blank#}

    Close your windows.Experts advice residents to avoid opening windows at home.If you have to ,avoid the time when smog is at its densest(浓的).{#blank#}3{#/blank#}Besides,you can keep plants with broad leaves at home to absorb dust,and use air purifiers(清洁器).

    Smoke less.{#blank#}4{#/blank#}In hazy weather,smoking would be even more harmful.Smokers are advised to keep their distance from cigarettes before the weather gets better.

    {#blank#}5{#/blank#}For example ,wear special masks outside to avoid breathing in PM2.5.Then take off your coat after getting indoors and keep it away from your other clean clothes,Don't forget to wash your face,rinse(漱)your mouth,and clean your nasal cavity(鼻腔)to clean the particulate matters(颗粒物)that fall on you.Last but not least,keep off stimulating(刺激性)foods.

A.Wear masks.

B.Pay attention to other daily things.

C.Also avoid rush hours,when pollutants will be denser.

D.That's because haze does harm to the health of people.

E.Cigarettes could cause more particulate matters,which are included in PM2.5 .

F.Take more fruits and vegetables instead,which are good for lung,spleen(脾)and kidney(肾).

G.For residents who use air-conditioner,make sure your apartment has enough oxygen indoors.

阅读理解

    Let's look back all these years you've gone through, what have you done for your life? Are you spending your time wisely to make your life worthwhile? Neal Wu shared some ways we should do to make our short time of life meaningful, find out what you need to do next:

    a. Make friends as opposed to networking

    Your friends will go a lot further than the professional contacts you make, especially since only one of the two groups is invested in your personal happiness.

    b. Become an expert by learning as much as you can and deeply seeking out the things you are curious about

    Find the things you enjoy and practice the skills you want to develop. If you can achieve expertise then it will be easy to obtain an audience.

    c. Volunteer to help out those less fortunate

    In the process you will gain a ton of new perspective and will better understand other people's real problems. In a society that always looks upward, these people are being forgotten easily.

    d. Become as independent as possible

    Even though you work in a big company, you should constantly make small steps to reduce your dependence on your job. Write a book, build an app, or start a small business on the side. Release your inner entrepreneur.

    e. Don't spend too much time worrying about your personal brand

    Accomplish(完成) things, and the recognition will follow.

    f. Stop treating life as a competition and do things for their own sake

    Genuine(真正的) interest should be what drives you to improve yourself, rather than a desire to beat others. Find a community of people who are interested in the same things as you do, and drive each other to keep improving.

阅读理解

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阅读理解

    Australian electronics and homewares retailers are preparing for the invasion (涌入) of American giant Amazon, but some have decided to take the fight up to the online-based store when it comes to local shores.

    Last week, Amazon confirmed its rapid Australia expansion by announcing that it was searching for a site to build its “fulfillment center”—a large warehouse(仓库)for storing and shipping goods purchased online—but local retailer, including one of Harvey Norman's founders Gerry Harvey, have said they will make it hard for Amazon to succeed in Australia.

    Harvey Norman sells electronics, furniture and bedding—all markets in which Amazon hopes to hold a stake, but Harvey has said that he will happily go toe-to-toe with the American behemoth to hold his ground in the Australian market.

    “In America and other parts of the world, they have just demolished (彻底打败) other retailers, no question about that, and they send a lot of retailers broke,” Harvey told News Corp on Monday. “There is no question they have one ambition and like Attila the Hun, or Alexander the Great, they just want to demolish everything in front of them and then at the end of the day claim to be victorious and make their own rules. So this is a company that is extraordinary by any measure and challenges every rule that has ever been written about a business.”

    Some analysts have said that Amazon could take in as much as 3 billion U. S. dollars in sales in its first five years in Australia (around I percent of the total 225 billion U.S. dollar market), but Harvey has refuted those claims, saying that local retailers would be putting up “one hell of a fight” when Amazon launches is main retail services in Australia. “We will be over there fighting them like no American retailer has ever fought them,” he said. “Any price that they put we will beat or equal.”

    Meanwhile, Harvey's thoughts were backed up by the former CEO of supermarket chain Woolworths. Roger Corbett, who said Amazon would struggle to keep its lower wages and claims of lightning fast delivery to rural parts when it opens in Australia. “Amazon will have an impact on the market place, but they are coming into an already very competitive market,” he told News Corp.

阅读理解

    The baby monkey is much more developed at birth than the human baby. Almost from the moment it is born, the baby monkey can move around and hold tightly to its mother. During the first few days of its life the baby will approach and hold onto almost any large, warm, and soft object in its environment, particularly if that object also gives it milk. After a week or m, however, the baby monkey begins to avoid newcomers and focuses its attentions on “mother" the real mother or the mother-substitute(母亲替代).

    During the first two weeks of its life warmth is perhaps the most important psychological(心理的)thing that a monkey mother has to give to its baby. The Harlows, a couple who are both psychologists, discovered this fact by offering baby monkeys a choice of two types of mother substitutes one covered with cloth 4nd one made of bare wire. If the two artificial mothers were both the same temperature, the little monkeys always preferred the cloth mother. However, if the wire model was heated, while the cloth model was cool, for the first two weeks after birth the baby monkeys picked the warm wire mother-substitutes as their fuvorites. Thereafter they switched and spent most of their time on the mw comfortable cloth mother.

    Why is cloth preferable to bare wire? Something that the Harlows called contact(触摸)comfort seems to be the answer, and a most powerful influence it is. Baby monkeys spend much of their time rubbing against their mothers' skins, putting themselves in as close contact with the parent as they can. Whenever the young animal is frightened, disturbed, or annoyed, it typically rushes to its mother and rubs itself against her body. Wire doesn't “rub" as well as does soft cloth. Prolonged(长时间的)“contact comfort" with a cloth mother appears to give the babies confidence and is much more rewarding to them than is either warmth or milk.

    According to the Harlows, the basic quality of baby's love for its mother is trust. If the baby is put into an unfamiliar playroom without its mother, the baby ignores the toys no nutter how interesting they might be. It screams in terror and curls up into a furry little ball. If its cloth mother it now introduced into the playroom, the baby rushed to it and holds onto it for dear life. After a few minutes of contact comfort, it obviously begins to feel more secure. it then climbs down from the mother-substitute and begins to explore the toys, but often rushes back for a deep embrace(拥抱)as if to make sure that its mother is still there and that all is well. Bit by bit its fears of the new environment are gone and it spends more and more time playing with the toys and less and less time holding onto its “mother.”

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