Like many countries, Britain has serious environmental problems. In 1952, more than 4, 000 people died in London because of the smog(雾霾). The government made new laws to stop smog from coal(煤) fires and factories and things became better.

    Today, London is much cleaner but there is a new problem：smog from cars. In December 1991, there was very little wind in London and pollution was much worse. As a result, about 160 people died from pollution in just four days.

    Part of the problem is the new "out of town" shopping centers. In the past, people often walked to shops near their home or went by bus. Now, many people drive to the new shopping centers. As a result, the small shops have been closed and more people have to travel to do their shopping.

    Many people think that Britain needs better and cheaper public transport(交通). Transport in Britain is very expensive. An early morning train trip from Glasgow to London(about 600km)can cost about 100 pounds, for example. A short 15-minute bus trip can cost over 100 pound.

    Many people are trying to cut the use of cars in Britain. Some cities now have special bicycle paths and many people cycle to work. Some people also travel to work together in one car to make less the pollution and the cost.

    Stephen Hawking was born in England in 1942. He is one of the most well-known scientists on space and time in the world. Hawking is researching how the universe began and how it ends. He is called the King of the Universe.

    When he studied math and science at Oxford University, he became seriously ill, which made him unable to speak or breathe without the help of machines. Till now, he can't move or feed himself and he is helped to dress, eat and wash by a nurse. However, he has a wheelchair with a special computer, with which he can communicate with others.

    In spite of all these difficulties, he refused to give up his hope of living and went on to study at Cambridge University after graduating from Oxford University. In 1965, he got a Doctor's Degree of philosophy(哲学). Because of his serious illness, it was difficult for him to draw diagrams or to write. So he started to think in pictures. With this new way of thinking, he is respected by people in the world. Then in 1988, he wrote his first important book, A Brief History of Time. It has been sold more than 5.5 million copies in 33 different languages. He was once invited to China to give lectures. His self-confidence and humorous conversations impressed us deeply.

    From Hawking's unusual experiences , we learn that nobody should lose hope, no matter how bad the situation is .As he once said," Life is not fair, you just have to do the best you can in your own situation."

    Littering is a big problem in cities around the world. People know it does harm to the environment, but few do something for years to make a difference. However, "Butt Lady" sets an example to all.

    The true name of "Butt Lady" is Sally Dawly. She lives in Auburn, a city in California, US.{#blank#}1{#/blank#} because she had spent most of her free time picking up cigarette butts (香烟头) from the streets of her city. After picking up one million cigarette butts in three and a half years, she has set a new goal for herself-two million cigarette butts.

    Dawly got tired of going on her walks and seeing cigarette butts everywhere, so in 2014 she started to take action. Armed（装备）with a broom(扫帚), dustpan and a pair of tongs, the anti-littering activist walked down the streets in search of cigarette butts, picked them up and threw them in the trash can. To see how many butts she picks up, the Butt Lady has been using a counting device (装置).{#blank#}2{#/blank#} after picking up as many as 3,000 butts a day. She said she wanted to shout "Come on people. Don't throw your butts.{#blank#}3{#/blank#}."

    Dawly knows it's not easy to completely solve her city's cigarette butt littering problem in no time, but she hopes her efforts will help smokers think twice before throwing away butts on the street.{#blank#}4{#/blank#} as she has got more and more supporters in the city.

Dear Anna,

    Thank you for the photo of your family. This is my family photo. My grandfather is on the right. My parents are on the left. My father's name is Mike Smith. He is an English teacher. My mother is Linda Smith. She is not a teacher. That boy is my brother. His name is Mark. He is 12. He is in Class 2 Grade 5. That girl is me. I'm 14. I'm in Class 1 Grade 7.

Susan

    In this letter, Susan shows(展示) her {#blank#}1{#/blank#} to Anna. There are {#blank#}2{#/blank#} people in this photo. Her grandpa is on the right and her parents are {#blank#}3{#/blank#}. Mike Smith is an English teacher. {#blank#}4{#/blank#} is her mother. Mark is Susan's {#blank#}5{#/blank#} and he's 12. Susan is 14 and she's in Class 1 Grade 7.

A. No, later?

B. See you later.

C. Great, see you at eight.

D. You want to go to see a film?