Ski touring is exactly that—touring on skis. It combines {#blank#}1{#/blank#} best bits of skiing and mountaineering and provides the perfect way {#blank#}2{#/blank#} (explore) the mountain in winter. The {#blank#}3{#/blank#} (advantage) of ski touring are that you can really escape the crowds, enjoy the peace of the mountains and {#blank#}4{#/blank#} (reward) with breathtaking views and exciting descents.

    Ski touring involves both going up and down the mountain; both of {#blank#}5{#/blank#} (they) present challenges and new skills are to be acquired. There is much to learn about getting up the mountain that improves efficiency and saves energy. {#blank#}6{#/blank#} (similar) ，you want to be prepared to enjoy going down, which means learning to deal with the variety of snow conditions you will face. Because all ski touring is very demanding, you must be {#blank#}7{#/blank#} good physical condition. The fitter you are, the {#blank#}8{#/blank#} (much) fun you will have.

    Rapidly changing conditions and the human factors are the primary reasons for accidents. The human factors include stress, poor {#blank#}9{#/blank#} (communicate), over-confidence and tiredness. You should always ski within the limits of your ability, and make sure you know {#blank#}10{#/blank#} to navigate (导航) properly with map and compass.

    When foreigners negotiate, or register in certain areas of China, they may be {#blank#}1{#/blank#}(surprise) at Chinese's special fondness and preference for seals. To Chinese, seals are an art of deep cultural roots, {#blank#}2{#/blank#} combines the essence of both calligraphy(书法) and sculpture and inspires generations to study, to appreciate and to collect.

    It is believed that seals came out as early {#blank#}3{#/blank#} 8,000 years ago after our ancestors could make pottery wares(陶瓷)and had private property. They were assumed to make marks on {#blank#}4{#/blank#}(they) own possessions to prevent them from being stolen. When the first dynasty {#blank#}5{#/blank#}(found),the king began to use seals to empower(授权)and to show lordly credits. Only the king's special seal was then called "Xi", {#blank#}6{#/blank#}(represent) the highest authority. The first emperor of China, Qin Shi Huang, had his "Xi"{#blank#}7{#/blank#}(make) out of the invaluable and beautiful jade "Heshi Bi".

    Then the local governments also needed seals for {#blank#}8{#/blank#} same function. Meanwhile, private seals were carved in a variety of lucky {#blank#}9{#/blank#}(character)and vivid animal patterns.{#blank#}10{#/blank#}(gradual). the sphragistics (印章学) came into being.