Aron Ralston is an American man who is interested in mountain climbing. {#blank#}1{#/blank#}.This is one of the exciting things about doing dangerous sports. There were many times when Aron almost lost his life because of accidents, On April 26, 2003, he found himself in a very dangerous situation when climbing in Utah.

    On that day, Aron's arm was caught under a 360-kilo rock that fell on him when he was climbing by himself in the mountains, {#blank#}2{#/blank#} he stayed there for five days and hoped that someone would find him, But when his water ran out, he knew that he Would have to do something to wave his own life. He was not ready to die that day, {#blank#}3{#/blank#}. Then, with his left arm, he bandaged himself so that he would not lose too much blood. After that, he climbed down the mountain to find help.

    {#blank#}4{#/blank#}. This means being in a difficult situation that you cannot seem to get out of. In this book, Aron tells of the importance of making good decisions, and of being in control of one's life. His love for mountain climbing is so great that he kept on climbing mountains even after this experience.

    Do we have the same spirit as Aron? {#blank#}5{#/blank#}, and before we have to make a decision that could mean life or death.

    English people are well known for plenty of tea that they drink. Per person in the UK consumes (消费) around 1.9 kg of tea every year. Tea is drunk by all sections (阶层) of society.

    But tea is not native to Britain. Most of the tea is grown in India and China. Tea first arrived in London in the 1600s. At this time, British ships were exploring the world and came across the drink in China. It was not long before green tea was available to buy. However, this was only available to the rich.

    At the beginning of the 1700s, the amount of tea arriving in Britain increased slowly. Black tea arrived at this time. At first people drank this tea exactly as it was in China. They soon discovered that it mixed really well with a little milk and sugar, giving the drink a special British characteristic.

    In the 1800s tea was still a product enjoyed only by people with money. At this time they began to have "afternoon tea". This includes drinking tea with a snack around 4 p. m. to avoid feeling hungry. It is a tradition that is still going today but has become less popular in recent times.

    In the late 1800s, the price of tea dropped a lot as more tea began to arrive on ships from India and China. It was no longer a drink just for rich people. Tearooms-shops where you could buy and drink tea-started to appear across the country. People enjoyed drinking tea and social activities in these places. At the start of the 20th century, Englishmen began to make tea in their homes whenever they felt like it. Kettles (烧水壶) became necessary in every kitchen.

Many parents like twins(双胞胎) a lot. For many years, people think that twins have a secret language. A lot of parents of twins say that their children have a secret way of talking to each other by using some words they don't understand. "The twin language" was very special in people's minds for a long time. However, a study shows that twins hardly have secret languages. So why do people think that?

When babies are learning to speak, they often make sounds and their parents don't understand them. For example, a child may call a bottle "baba". Since twins are learning the language at the same time, they often make the same mistakes. So, if one of the twins calls a bottle"baba", the other possibly starts to do the same. Soon, the twins are using the same inaccurate word. Parents may think of this as a secret language. In fact, the twins are learning new words like any other child.

A study shows that true secret languages don't happen very often. It happens because babies spend a lot of time alone and don't have many people talking around them.

Some studies show that it often takes longer for twins to begin speaking than for non-twin children. This could be because parents of twins can be busier than parents with just one baby, so they don't have much time to spend with their twin babies. Because twins understand each other's language mistakes, it may take them longer to learn words right.

As twins get older, like many non-twin children, they may make secret words for things they don't want their parents to understand!

The ability (能力) to solve problems is usually important. It's a part of children's life. There are some ways for it. 

Make sure the problems 1 . It means we need to know what the problems are. It seems to be a simple 2 important step. If you can't understand the problem, your 3 can't work well. For example, if your room is in a big mess (杂乱), the problem might be that you don't have enough (足够的) places to 4 everything. 

Make all the problems 5 . If you can turn them into small parts, children can 6 them easily. For example, if we need to do much practice to pass a test, we can make it into many small 7 . 

Prepare enough information. Look for many 8 about the problem, such as its time and place. You can also ask some teachers for some advice. After that, you can think of a way for the problem. Think of different ways and 9 the best one. For the ways, we need to take some tests to 10 . if (是否) they are useful. For example, if you are hungry, you can call for food, cook food at home or go to a restaurant. Choose the best one you like. 

Have you heard of the saying "Fall down seven times, stand up eight. "? It means that no matter how difficult things get and no matter how many mistakes you have made, you still have the passion(热情) and energy to keep going. This is called perseverance and it can help you achieve lots of things.

Perseverance means keeping doing something over a long time, even when it gets difficult. It's believed that you can reach a goal if you prepare to work for it. Practicing a skill on your bike over and over again or finishing a picture without throwing it away shows perseverance. Florence, 12, says, "It means never giving up, being determined and trying hard to push yourself. I go running with my mom three times a week, even when I don't like it, because I want to be the fastest in my class. "

Studies show that feeling hopeful and working towards a goal can reduce stress and make you feel happier. Achieving something you've worked hard for, and overcoming challenges along the way, can also develop your confidence and make you feel braver to try new things. Angela Duckworth, an expert in thoughts and feelings, believes that it doesn't matter how talented, clever or rich you are, having    grit is what really helps you succeed. She explains, "No matter how gifted you are, and no matter how easily you do well in your lessons, you should have perseverance. "

Duckworth believes perseverance is something anyone can learn, and the best way to do this is to have a growth mindset. This means believing that your brain can grow, and that you can achieve anything if you put your mind to it. So instead of thinking "I can't do this", try thinking "I can't do this. . . yet".