阅读理解
In many aspects, nowadays business
environment has changed greatly since the late 1980s. The end of the cold war
completely altered the very nature of the world's politics and economics. In
just a few short years, globalization has started a variety of trends with
profound consequences: the opening of markets, true global competition,
widespread deregulation (解除政府对……的控制) of industry, and an abundance of accessible capital. we have
experienced both the benefits and risks of a truly global economy, with both
wall street and main street (平民百姓) feeling the pains of
economic disorder half a world away.
At the same time, we have fully entered the
information age, starting breakthroughs in information technology, which have
irreversibly altered the ability to conduct business unconstrained by the
traditional limitations of time or space. Today, it's almost impossible to
imagine a world without intranets, e-mail, and portable computers. With amazing
speed, the internet is profoundly changing the way we work, shop, do business,
and communicate.
As a consequence, we have truly entered the
post-industrial economy. We are rapidly shifting from an economy based on
manufacturing and commodities to one that places the greatest value on
information, services, support, and distribution. That shift, in turn, attaches
great importance to "knowledge workers," a new class of wealthy,
educated, and mobile people who view themselves as free agents in a seller's
market.
Beyond the field of information technology, the increasing pace of technological change in virtually every industry has created entirely new business, wiped out others, and produced a great demand for continuous innovation (创新).New product, process, and distribution technologies provide powerful levers for creating competitive value. More companies are learning the importance of destructive technologies—innovations that hold the potential to make a product line, or even an entire business segment, virtually outdated.
Another major trend has been the consumer
and business markets. There's a growing appreciation that superficially similar
groups of customers may have very different preferences in terms of what they
want to buy and how they want to buy it. Now, new technology makes it easier,
faster, and cheaper to identify and serve targeted micro-markets in ways that
were physically impossible or prohibitively expensive in the past. Moreover,
the trend feeds on itself, a business's ability to serve sub-markets fuels
customers' appetites for more and more specialized offerings.