Who do you think came up with the idea for the Paralympics (残奥会)？The man who organized the sporting events which became the Paralympic Games1was a doctor，Ludwig Guttmann.

      In  his  teens，Ludwig  Guttmann  was  interested  in medicine and worked as a2in a hospital.Then he3from medical school and became a doctor when he was 25 years old.

        Ludwig Guttmann4a successful career for the next  few years.5 ， because Ludwig Guttmann and his family  were Jews，life in Germany was becoming very6for them. In 1938 Ludwig Guttmann7to the UK with his  family where he continued his research8the best way to  treat patients.

      The Second World War was going on and there were a lot of soldiers9in the fighting.Often they10the use of their legs and needed11and help.The disabled soldiers were often12and angry for they couldn't really live a normal life.Ludwig Guttmann used his new13to look after their injuries and he also tried to give them emotional strength.

       Ludwig Guttmann14taking part in sports could help a person's body as well as his mind and began to use15 as a treatment to help his patients.He wanted to give them back their self­respect and dignity and16them to take part in sports.

       In 1948 the hospital held a sporting event called “The International Wheelchair Games”．By 1952 the event began to17bigger with disabled athletes from other countries attending.By 1960 the games were called the International Stoke Mandeville  Games  and they  were  held  in  Rome alongside the18Summer Olympics.By 1968 there were 750 athletes from 29 different countries.Ludwig Guttmann himself died in 1980，even19the games were called “Paralympics”，but there is no20that he is the founder and father of the Paralympic Games.It's thanks to his hard work that we are all able to enjoy the Paralympics.

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阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从1--20题中所给的四个选项A、B、C、D中选出能填入相应空白处的最佳选项。

    On a cold winter day, I waited in line to see my hero, Jack Canfield, the author of The Success Principles. During his talk, Jack1 his wallet, pulled out a hundred-dollar bill, and said, “Who wants this?”2 shot up in the audience. People leaned forward to see whom Jack would3. But I jumped up, ran to the4, and caught the bill. As I turned and5 the audience, thoughts raced through my mind—was I about to be humiliated (羞辱) in front of 800 people? Would they6 security guards and take me away from the stage? 7 my desire for the money was louder than any8 voice. When I got the bill from his hand, he said, “That's it! We can't wait for the 9to come to us. We must take action to10 what we want!”

    After his talk, 1 managed to formally meet Jack and bravely asked for his11 email address. Over the next months, I sent him emails 12 my dreams to him. He kindly emailed back lots of encouragement. But I was13with other things. I stopped e-mailing Jack.

    A year later, my dreams were broken. I thought Jack would14 me to take action, like a huge arrow that would show me the way.

    I emailed him, and then again—but got no15. As I sat down at my computer to check my emails, I 16 woke up. What was I doing? I was waiting! Now I remembered the crowd17 the money, but they just sat on their chairs18.

    Usually we all have a “Jack” for whom we wait—whether it's a person, a place or a thing. We19 believe the gifts of life are just around the corner, and that everything will come in a(n) 20way. So we don't try. We give up. But as Jack said: “You'll always miss 100% of the opportunities you don't take!” So I stopped waiting and started my writing career. Now what are you waiting for?

    I lifted my wet woollen gloves to my face and wiped the snowflakes from my eyes. I could not feel my nose and my 1 formed a thick fog in the air. The biting wind was making me 2. I was fed up! I didn't want to be here. I wanted to go home. But Mum and Dad had 3me to go for a Sunday afternoon walk in the park. I could see my4 in the snowy path, like a trail of breadcrumbs (一串面包屑) in the forest showing me the way5.

    I stopped and listened to my 6 I could 7 the wind crying like a homeless dog hungry for a delicious 8 The once-green tree 9 which used to wave gently in the breeze, had become bare, and the grass was covered with a 10 blanket of fresh snow. Then I saw a broken spider's web shining golden beneath a pale sun. My breath was like silky soft 11floating up into the freezing cold air.

    Suddenly there was Mum, 12 handing me a big cup of hot chocolate. Her big smile immediately 13 my heart.

“Here you are, Jo. This will keep you 14” she said as she placed a comforting arm around my shoulders and 15her cheek against mine.

    I slowly took a mouthful of the hot16and felt it slowly dripping down my throat like lava (熔岩)17 down a mountainside. My wet woollen gloves were now warm, not 18.  My breath warmed, and I was 19fed up or cold. I was happy and 20.

    “I have a letter for you,” my friend Kirsten told me on the phone. “I think it's from your mother.” I was 1 since my mother had been 2 for seven years.

    A few weeks later Kirsten handed me the 3 dated Aug. 30, 2002. Around then I was preparing for my pilot course's final exam at the 4 school. The students finished the training on5 days.

    I was the first to6. My mother's letter 7after I left. Kirsten picked it up from my mail-box, to keep8 she next saw me9 a few days later, when it was her turn to leave, she 10the letter among the piles of papers she11 packed into boxes. It12there for a decade, during which my mother died. In 2013, when Kirsten 13 some dusty belongings from her flying school days, she 14the letter.

    It's been two years since Kirsten gave me the letter which I've carried on my long flights. But I haven't15 it yet. When I told some friends this, they 16their heads. They said they wouldn't have been able to wait a second. Of course, I17How could I not? -about her 18 in the envelope. Surely, I think, she had written to wish me luck, ask about my life and tell me the news from 19to make me at ease. However, for now it's20 to look at her handwriting on the envelope, and to remember that until I open it, I know I'll hear from her once more.

    I always come across random acts of kindness in my life. Many years ago, I was 1Costa Rica when I found myself in an 2situation: my credit cards and bank cards went out of 3 abroad, and I only had $5 to my 4.

    I had no way to get money. I didn't know anybody in this country. I only knew basic Spanish, and besides the cash the only 5I had was a return ticket to my country in almost two 6. Back then, there was no such thing as mobile phones, and7email was very limited. To find help, I decided to go to the countryside. With the only coins I had, I 8the bus terminal(终点站)and found a village, which 9almost the exact amount. About 4 hours later, I arrived at Santa Rosa Abajo at midnight.

    I knocked door to door,10in my very poor Spanish that I was a foreigner travelling in Costa Rica with no money but I 11to stay here for over ten days. I begged them for a 12－such as cooking , cleaning and looking after their kids, anything like that. Everybody 13, “oh my, but so poor are we that we have no 14 food or space. Maybe you can try the next 15.” And they'd point me to another house.

    16, I arrived at a Chinese restaurant. The owner of the restaurant was very 17. She gave me food and called the Red Cross to come to 18me. With the help of the Red Cross, I spent my19days in Costa Rica.

    This is one of the best trips I've ever had, because I realized that when you're in a position to be able to 20, it actually makes you feel happy.

The parents who adopted (收养) Bruce Hollywood encouraged him to find his Japanese birth mother. But he never became 1 until he had a heart attack, when he realized that he regretted never 2 with his birth mother.

No sooner had he recovered than he began 3 his birth mother. He called the Japanese Embassy (大使馆), but there was no 4 information, which made him really unhappy. Luckily, he met an army man on the plane 5. They had a casual 6. When Bruce mentioned his 7 search, the man 8 Bruce to give him all the information he had 9 and told him he would help him. 10 Bruce had a low expectation, he followed what the man said. Ten days later, he got an unexpected call.

The spokesperson said, "Bruce, we're happy to tell you that, we have found your mother. Because she doesn't speak English, you'd better find a 11." Finally, Bruce got to communicate with his birth mother, who was crying with 12. He learned that it was she who had given him the name Bruce. And he later 13 the restaurant his birth mother had owned for decades in Shizuoka, Japan and found out she had named it "Bruce".

Bruce couldn't 14 the moving words he heard when seeing his birth mother for the first time in 45 years. He learned that love could always stand the test of 15 and distance.