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题型:阅读理解 题类:常考题 难易度:困难

高中英语-牛津译林版-高二上册-模块6 Unit 3 Understanding each other

阅读理解

    Computers have beaten human world champions at chess and, earlier this year, the board game Go. So far, though, they have struggled at the card table. So we challenged one AI to a game.

    Why is poker(扑克) so difficult? Chess and Go are “information complete” games where all players can see all the relevant information. In poker, other players' cards are hidden, making it an “information incomplete” game. Players have to guess opponents' hands from their actions—tricky for computers. Poker has become a new benchmark for AI research. Solving poker could lead to many breakthroughs, from cyber security to driverless cars.

    Scientists believe it is only a matter of time before AI once again vanquishes humans, hence our human-machine match comes up in a game of Texas Hold's Em Limit Poker. The AI was developed by Johannes Heinrich, researcher studying machine learning at UCL. It combines two techniques: neural(神经的) networks and reinforcement learning(强化学习).

    Neural networks, to some degree, copy the structure of human brains: their processors are highly interconnected and work at the same time to solve problems. They are good at spotting patterns in huge amounts of data. Reinforcement learning is when a machine, given a task, carries it out, learning from mistakes it makes. In this case, it means playing poker against itself billions of times to get better.

    Mr Heinrich told Sky News: “Today we are presenting a new procedure that has learned in a different way, more similar to how humans learn. In particular, it is able to learn abstract patterns, represented by its neural network, which allow it to deal with new and unseen situations.”

    After two hours of quite defensive play, from the computer at least, we called it a draw.

(1)、Why can't the computer beat humans at the poker game?

A、Because humans are cleverer than the computer. B、Because humans practice playing the poker game every day. C、Because the computer can't learn the regular rules of the poker game. D、Because the computer can't know the other players' cards completely.
(2)、What does the underlined word “vanquishes” in Paragraph 3 mean?

A、Leaves. B、Defeats. C、Cheats. D、Serves.
(3)、What do we know about the reinforcement learning of AI?

A、It solves problems correctly every time. B、It is the same as the learning of humans. C、It learns from the mistakes appearing in a task. D、It is more developed than the studying ways of humans.
(4)、What can be inferred from the text?

A、The new procedure of AI has some features of humans. B、Computers are stronger than humans in every aspect. C、Humans will beat computers at playing poker forever. D、Scientists feel unhappy about the result of the poker game.
举一反三
阅读理解

    Last year,I was on a plane with my friend, waiting for it to take off.The pilot's voice was heard throughout the plane “Sorry for the delay, ladies and gentlemen. Our engines don't work.We are going to jump-start them.Once we get them going, we'll get up in the air and see what happens."

    That was all he said."See what happens. Shouldn't we have had a better plan than that?"At that point, I could only laugh nervously. One woman started crying, “OH,no! We are going to crash!”. There are signs of desperation and anxiety, and we hadn't even taken off yet.

    The pilot even seemed unhappy.He told us one engine was working double time and his plan was to get up in the air and see what happens! Then we did.We got up in the air,and what happened?

    Nothing.We arrived in Norfolk, and no sooner had the wheels touched down than applause burst out as everyone on the airplane breathed a sigh of relief.

    All too often, people stop achieving their goals just because they don't have a guaranteed result.But success will never be guaranteed. The best thing that you can do is to just get up in the air and see what happens.

    If your aim is to build a business, then get up in the air and see what happens! Don't give yourself all the reasons why you can't.Do not wait until you have everything you need.You never will.

    If your goal is to start a friendship,say"Hello",get up in the air and see what happens! The results could be very rewarding.If your goal is to learn a new skill, get up in the air and see what happens! It might not be as difficult as you think.It could be fun!

阅读理解

    No one can deny that buttons are an important clothing device. But, can they rise to the level of art? Organizers of an exhibit in New York City think so.

    Peter Souleo Wright organized “The Button Show” at Rush Arts Gallery in the Chelsea neighborhood of Manhattan. Eleven artists used the small, ordinary objects to create sculptures, portraits and wearable art. Some of the works are political, some are personal and others are just fun.

    Wright said each artist reimagines and repurposes the buttons to make art. “What I tried to do with this show,” he said, “was to look at artists who were promoting that level of craft.”

    He said he wanted the button art to be comparable to a painting “because of the amount of detail and precision in the work.”

    Artist Beau McCall produced “A Harlem Hangover”. It looks like a wine bottle that fell over on a table. A stream of connected red buttons hand over the side, like wine flowing down. Similar red button form a small pool on the floor.

    McCall layers buttons of different shapes and sizes to create the bottle. The stitching that holds them together is also part of the artistic design.

    For San Francisco-based artist Lisa Kokin, buttons are highly personal. After her father died in 2001, she created a portrait of him using only buttons. That memorial to her father led to other button portraits, including those of activists Rosa Parks and Cesar Chavez.

    Others use buttons for details. Artist Amalia Amaki of Tuscaloosa, Alabama, placed them on and around old photographs. Los Angeles artist Camilla Taylor attached buttons to three large sculptures that look like headless animals with long, narrow legs.

    “The Button Show” ends at March 12. The Rush Philanthropic Arts Foundation paid for the exhibition. The foundation was created in 1995 by the Simmons brothers: artist Danny, hip-hop producer Russell and rapper Rev. Run. The foundation seeks to bring the arts to urban youth and to provide support for new artists.

阅读理解

    2019 Oscars Academy Award Nominees (提名) for Best Picture

    Black Panther

    Type: Adventure

    Running Time: 134 min.

    Release Date: February 16, 2018

    Current rank: ★★★★

    Director: Ryan Coogler

    Actors: Chadwick Boseman, Michael B. Jordan

    With his father having died in Captain America: Civil War, T'Challa is the new ruler of the advanced kingdom of Wakanda. As the king, whenever a challenger for the crown announces his intentions, he must give up his powers and take them on in a physical challenge.

    The Favorite

    Type: Drama

    Running Time: 120 min.

    Release Date: November 30, 2018

    Current rank: ★★★

    Director: Yorgos Lanthimos

    Actors: Emma Stone, Rachel Weisz

    In the early 18th century, with England and France at war, a fragile Queen Anne occupies the throne as her close friend Lady Sarah Churchill governs the country in her stead, while tending to Anne's ill health and changeable temper.

    Green Book

    Type: Drama

    Running Time: 130 min.

    Release Date: November 21, 2018

    Current rank: ★★★★★

    Director: Peter Farrelly

    Actors: Viggo Mortensen, Mahershala Ali

    Tony Lip, an uneducated Italian-American who's known for using his fists to get his way, is hired to drive world-class, famous pianist Don Shirley on a concert tour from Manhattan to the Deep South. They must rely on the “Negro Motorist Green Book” to guide them to the few settlements that were then safe for blacks.

    A Star is Born

    Type: Musical

    Running Time: 135 min.

    Release Date: October 5, 2018

    Current rank: ★★★★

    Direct: Bradley Cooper

    Actors: Bradley Cooper, Lady Gaga

    When country music star Jackson Maine stops at a bar for a drink after a concert, he's both entertained and attracted by young nightclub singer Ally. He discovers that she writes songs as well as being a talented singer, but hasn't had a break because of her looks.

阅读理解

    Don't put it off, do it now!

    Why do we spend so much time not doing the work we should do, or putting off small jobs that have piled up to create a big problem? Procrastinating, as putting things off like this is called, is in our character we have naturally since birth; we avoid dull or difficult jobs until it's too late to do anything else.

    "We often put things off although we know it will make life more stressful," says Dr. Steel, an authority on the science of motivation. "If these tasks were fun, we'd just do them now. We put off what is difficult or unpleasant, such as the paperwork that needs doing before leaving the office or cleaning the bits of your home that people can't see. But the fact is, the less people procrastinate, the more money they have, the better relationships they have, and the healthier they are." This is obvious when you look at the couples who don't argue about whether anyone has cleaned the kitchen, and the people who simply go for a run instead of endlessly rescheduling it in their heads.

    Of course, there are the rest of us, who feel the small jobs piling up around us daily. "We've evolved to respond to the moment, and not to set our sights too far in an uncertain world," Dr. Steel adds. "We are not set up to appreciate long-term rewards, whether it's the benefit of a four-year degree, doing exercise or dieting. We usually feel the cost now and the reward comes much later." According to Dr. Steel, we have two decision-making systems. They are the limbic, which is responsible for the short term, and the prefrontal cortex, which deals with the future. We bounce between long-term goals and short-term temptations, so we need goals that will translate our plans for the limbic system.

    Let's take the example of students' writing essays. They should set themselves targets and word counts per day. These are thus turned from seemingly endless tasks into something concrete with measured progress. Dr. Steel recommends such techniques, or "pre-commitments", adding that leaving you a month before the "deadline" makes it more likely a task will be completed. The benefit is that you'll avoid the embarrassment of not following up on something people are expecting you to do—telling everyone you are going to take up jogging makes you more likely to do so.

    Overcoming procrastination finally comes down to planning, which, if you're not careful, becomes procrastination in itself. But it is worth making sure you have everything in place. "Successful people don't pretend they don't procrastinate," Dr. Steel says. "People who pretend they have willpower are less successful." Instead, plan for procrastination: make your work environment a temple of productivity by cutting out what stops you paying your attention, so you can really focus on moving forward.

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