"Tired of Working in Your Country"?

    With over 500 instructors and 20 years of experience, we are the leader in the field of teaching foreign languages. We now have positions open in Osaka starting September/October 2011 for instructors of English, German, Spanish and French.

●Teach many different kinds of classes using the latest technology in small classes of up to 3 students.

●Accommodation (住宿), and other necessary documents (文件) will be ready before you leave.

●Applicants will teach their first language only.

●Excellent teacher training programs.

    If you are young with a university degree and are willing to experience different cultures, apply now. Experience in teaching is an advantage but not specially required. Knowledge of the Japanese language is not necessary but good English skills and practical computer knowledge are basic requirements.

Apply with C. V. and send letters to:

NOVA France, Mr. Sampy (IHT3/2)

34, Bd. Haussmann, 75009 Paris, France

Fax: 33148014804

Or visit our website: www. teachjp. com

    The manager expects to meet and talk with successful applicants in Paris in June and July.

How to Study Smarter, Not Harder

    Here are some of our favorite study tips that will help any student study smarter, not harder:

Recite As You Study

    Reciting—saying things out loud should first take place as you read through each paragraph or section. Test yourself. This will help you to understand as well as learn faster because it is more active than reading or listening. It will also help you to notice your mistakes and the topics you have trouble understanding.

Take Fuller Notes

    Notes should be in your own words, brief and clear. They should be tidy and easy to read. Writing notes will help you better than just underlining as you read, since it forces you to rewrite ideas in your own words.

Study the Middle

    The best time to review is soon after you've learned something. You are more likely to remember the material at the beginning and the end of the lesson, so make sure you focus on the middle when you review.

Sleep On It

    Study before going to bed, unless you are very tired. It's easier to remember material you've just learned before sleeping than after an equal period of daytime activity, because your brain continues to think even after you've fallen asleep.

Combine Memory and Understanding

    There are two ways to remember: by memorizing and by understanding. Multiplication tables, telephone numbers, and math formulas are better learned by rote. Ideas are best learned by understanding.

    The more ways you have to think about an idea, the more meaning it will have; the more meaningful the learning, the better you can remember it. Pay attention to similarities in ideas and concepts, and then try to understand how they fit in with things you already know. Never be satisfied with anything less than a completely clear understanding of what you are reading. If you are not able to follow the thought, go back to the place where you first got confused and try again.

    A warm drink of milk before bed has long been the best choice for those wanting nights sleep. But now a study has found it really does help people nod off-if it is milked from a cow at night.

    Researchers have discovered that" night milk" contains more melatonin(褪黑激素) which has been proven to help people feel sleepy and reduce anxiety.

    The study, by researchers from Seoul, South Korea, involved mice being fed with dried milk powder made from cows milked both during the day and at night.

    Those given night milk, which contained 10 times the amount of melatonin, were less active and less anxious than those fed with the milk collected during daytime, according to the study published in The Journal of Medicinal Food.

    Night milk quickened the start of sleep and caused the mice to sleep longer.

    While the effect of cows milk harvested at different time has not been tested on humans up to now, taking melatonin drugs has been suggested to those who are struggling to fall asleep at night.

    Early studies have also showed that milk can be excellent for helping sleep because of containing Ca., which helps people to relax.

    Milk is also sugar-free and additive-free(不含添加物的) with experts advising skimmed (脱脂的) milk as the best choice before bed as it is the least fattening. The more fat you take in before bedtime, the greater burden you will put on your body at night.

    Scientists say eating less can slow the aging process of cells in the body. The researchers studied mice, not people.

    {#blank#}1{#/blank#}One group was able to eat as much as it wanted. The other animals in the other group are limited to eat. Their diet had 35 percent fewer calories than the first group of mice.

    The mice with the diet restrictions(限制) were more energetic and suffered fewer diseases. They were not just living longer, they seemed to stay younger for a longer period of time. When you restrict calories (in mice), there is a direct increase in lifespan - the average age of the animal{#blank#}2{#/blank#}

    But how? The researchers found that fewer calories slow down a natural mechanism in cells called ribosomes (核糖体). Ribosomes are responsible for making important proteins in the cells. But with fewer calories, they slow down.{#blank#}3{#/blank#}This, in turn, keeps cells and the entire body functioning well.

    Earlier studies have suggested a link between calorie restrictions and slowed aging{#blank#}4{#/blank#}Calorie restriction as a way to slow aging has not been tested in humans. But the main finding for people is the importance of taking care of our bodies{#blank#}5{#/blank#} And this may help us make better decisions about what we eat.

A. The less we eat, the healthier we are.

B. Researchers studied two groups of mice.

C. This finding is good news if you are a mouse.

D. This gives the cells more time to repair themselves.

E. The findings help to explain how exactly our bodies age.

F. However, this is first to show how the ribosomes can influence aging.

G. Calorie restriction caused real biochemical changes that slowed down the rate of aging.

Claustrophobia

    Claustrophobia, or fear of enclosed spaces, in one of the most common fears. Claustrophobia can be deep fear or even panic as a result of being in a small space.

    Claustrophobia can develop after a troubling childhood experience, or from another unpleasant experience later on in life related to small spaces. {#blank#}1{#/blank#}. This response then becomes programmed in the brain, making an association between being in a tight space and feeling anxious or out-of-control. As a result, the person often develops claustrophobia.

    {#blank#}2{#/blank#}. Claustrophobia symptoms can include: sweating, accelerated heartbeat, upset stomach, shaking, breathing problem, etc. The claustrophobia sufferer will look for an exit when inside a room, avoid driving on the highway or major roads where there is heavy traffic when inside a car, or stand near a door when at a party. {#blank#}3{#/blank#}.

    Claustrophobia can have harmful social and psychological effects, since the patient will often avoid situations in which she thinks she will have an anxiety attack, leading to hiding and sadness.

    {#blank#}4{#/blank#}. Exposure treatment, a form of mind-behavioral treatment, usually results in a total reduction in anxiety symptoms if conducted properly. Flooding is a type of exposure treatment in which the person is exposed to a situation until the anxiety attack passes. {#blank#}5{#/blank#}. Medications to help treat claustrophobia include things which help to ease the heart beating to fast often associated with anxiety attacks.

A. According to some doctors, claustrophobia is worse than the fear of heights

B. The past experience can trace back to the moment of birth

C. The good news is that claustrophobia is very treatable

D. When a person with claustrophobia finds herself in a restricted space, her body responds in certain ways

E. In extreme cases, the very sight of a closed door can lead to feelings of anxiety in a person

F. Treatment for claustrophobia can also include medication or a combination of several treatments

G. When a person experiences such an event, it can often cause a frightening panic attack

    I've written this article and you're reading it. So we are members of the same club. We're both literate—we can read and write. And we both probably feel that literacy is essential to our lives. But millions of people all over the world are illiterate. Even in industrialized Western countries, such as the UK and the USA, approximately 20% of the population have "low literacy levels". But what exactly does that mean?

    My parents both left school at 14. They could read and write, but except for a quick look at the daily newspaper, reading and writing didn't play a big part in their lives. There were very few books in the house. My mother was amazed because the woman who lived next door always wrote a list of what she needed before she went to the supermarket. Why couldn't she remember? We laughed about that for weeks. Our family didn't write lists! And when I was only 14 years old my father gave me an important letter that he'd written to the bank and asked me to check it for grammar and spelling mistakes. And there were quite a lot. He never usually wrote letters or postcards or even Christmas cards. So when he had to write he wasn't comfortable or confident. Does that mean that my father had a "low level of literacy"? I don't think so.

    There are lots of different definitions of literacy. Some experts define it as having the reading and writing skills that you need to be independent in your everyday life. So, for example, if you can read instructions, write a cheque, fill in a form, —anything that you need to do in everyday life—then you are "functionally literate".

    Other people say that you are illiterate if you think that you are illiterate. In other words, if you feel that you can't read or write as well as you would like to.

    If you live in a society where most people are literate then you will feel ashamed or embarrassed and avoid situations in which you have to read or write. The father of a friend of mine finally admitted to his family that he couldn't read when he was 45 years old. He bought the newspaper every day and pretended to read it—and believe it or not, his family had no idea.

    We often forget that writing is a recent invention. Many years ago, the word "literate" meant being able to communicate well in speaking, in other words what we now call "articulate". Story telling was an important activity in the past and still is today in some societies. Reading was often a cooperative activity—someone would read aloud to a group, often from a religious text such as the Koran or the Bible.

    Only a hundred years ago, in the United States, you were considered to be literate if you could sign your name to a piece of paper. It was an important skill. You were not allowed to vote if you couldn't sign the voting register, so literacy was connected with political rights, and many people were excluded from the democratic process.

    Nowadays we see reading and writing as being connected, but that wasn't so in the past. Many people could read, but not write. Writing was a skilled profession. If you needed something written then you paid an expert to write it for you.

    And of course, rich and important people have always employed people to write things for them. Important company bosses dictated letters to their secretaries or personal assistants. And now with new computer software you can dictate directly to your computer.

    Being illiterate can have a big effect on people's lives. For example, a study in the UK showed that people who write and spell badly are seen as careless, immature and unreliable, and often unintelligent. So it is more difficult for them to find jobs, even when reading and writing are not necessary for the work.

    World-wide statistics show that literacy problems are associated with poverty and a lack of political power. More women than men are illiterate. Illiterate people have worse health, bigger families and are more likely to go to prison. So literacy campaigns must be a good thing. But don't forget that an illiterate person, or someone with a low level of literacy, isn't necessarily stupid or ignorant—and may not be unhappy at all. Knowledge and wisdom isn't only found in writing.