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题型:阅读理解 题类:常考题 难易度:普通

湖北省荆门市2018-2019学年高二下学期英语期末考试试卷(含听力音频)

阅读理解

    A survey of university students shows that those who place more online orders for food seem more likely to feel depressed. The Panel Study of Chinese University Students released by the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences surveyed students at 18 universities.

    The survey found that time spent online in general had a significant impact on students' mental health. The longer a student spent online each day, the worse was the self-evaluation and the higher the likelihood of depression. For sleep quality, about 45 percent of student respondents gave themselves a score of 6 points out of 10. Data showed that 6.4 percent of university students order takeaway food online almost every day, followed by 16 percent who place orders 3 to 5 times a week and 21 percent who use the services 1 to 2 times weekly. Dr. Zhang Zhenyu, who participated in the research, said students on average had a self-assessment that rated their physical and mental health at 8.45 points. Over 36 percent scored more than 10 points on the CESD-10 depression scale. Zhang also found that 29.9 percent of students thought themselves "fat" or "very fat" and 54.3 percent said their appearance scored 6 out of 10.

    According to the survey, 2.5 percent have had facial plastic surgery(整形手术) and 5.8 percent have plans to improve their appearance through surgery in the next three years. Among students who want plastic surgery and those willing to do it, girls take up to 64 percent and 79.8 percent respectively(依次).

    The survey also showed that 22.6 percent of students were left-behind children when they were kids, which research defines as children separated from their parents for six months in a row who had to be looked after by others. Zhang said the early experience of separation from parents had a negative impact on students' mental health and self-assessment scores. They also had higher depression scores than those who lived with parents.

    The research team also found that students with good family economic conditions scored higher in all dimensions than students from poor families. Students with a good physical and mental status had strong time management and self-management abilities.

(1)、According to the surveyed students, how many of them make online orders for daily food?
A、6.4% . B、16% . C、21% . D、45% .
(2)、How is the second paragraph developed?
A、By making comparisons. B、By giving clear explanation. C、By giving data. D、By following time order.
(3)、If a student spent a lot of time online, he (or she) would be ___________.
A、better in the self-evaluation. B、more likely to feel depressed. C、in high spirits in daily life.  D、mentally and physically healthy.
(4)、What can be inferred from the passage?
A、Nine out of ten students regard themselves as fat or very fat people. B、Many a girl shows no interest in facial plastic surgery. C、Students who lived with their parents longer had lower depression scores. D、A student with a strong body usually comes from a well off family.
举一反三
阅读理解

    There is always something that happens in the world that everyone fears will happen to their town, city or country: natural disasters. The scariest part of it is that no one will ever see it coming. Though technology helps us prepare, but it never actually tells the people when it's going to hit. It is always estimated but the result is never 100% accurate.

    However, that is not the point of this article. Two different natural disasters in two different parts of the world have happened in the past few weeks. One was a major flood that has hit Louisiana in the United States. The other was an earthquake that hit Amatrice, Italy. However, there is a major difference in the news coverage of the two tragedies.

    As for the flooding in Louisiana, it is reported that this disaster is the worst to hit the United States since Super-storm Sandy and it'll cost at least $30 million. In only the first couple of weeks, 13 people had died. However, like me, many people did not hear about this tragic event. I did not learn about it until about three weeks after it happened.

    In Italy, however, it covered all media instantly. The earthquake in Italy happened on Tuesday morning. That same day, I was on Twitter and that was all that was over the news feed. Every other post was about the earthquake. Some would have the opinion that Amatrice, Italy was one of the most beautiful towns in that country. I got in deep sorrow because there were more people killed in this quake than the flooding. So far, they have a total of 73 dead and over one hundred missing.

    I understand that technically the earthquake in Italy was worse than the floods in Louisiana. However, I believe that if a natural disaster happens, they all should be equally covered and taken equally seriously. We are one world united and should be there for all of the people who are in need of help. We may not be able to accurately predict disasters but, we can surely lend a hand out for the needy.

阅读理解

    The Things Successful People Do Differently

    Why have you been so successful in reaching some of your goals, but not others? If you aren't sure, you are far from alone in your confusion. It turns out that even brilliant, highly accomplished people are pretty lousy when it comes to understanding why they succeed or fail. The intuitive(直觉的) answer--that you are born with certain talents and lacking in others--is really just one small piece of the puzzle. In fact, decades of research on achievement suggests that successful people reach their goals not simply because of who they are, but more often because of what they do.

    1)Get specific.

    When you set yourself a goal, try to be as specific as possible. “Lose 5 pounds” is a better goal than “lose some weight,” because it gives you a clear idea of what success looks like. Knowing exactly what you want to achieve keeps you motivated until you get there. Also, think about the specific actions that need to be taken to reach your goal. Just promising you'll “eat less” or “sleep more” is too vague--be clear and precise. “I'll be in bed by 10pm on weeknights” leaves no room for doubt about what you need to do, and whether or not you've actually done it.

    2)Seize the moment to act on your goals.

    To seize the moment, decide in advance when and where you will take each action you want to take. Again, be as specific as possible (e.g., “If it's Monday, Wednesday, or Friday, I'll work out for 30 minutes before work.”) Studies show that this kind of planning will help your brain to detect and seize the opportunity when it arises, increasing your chances of success by roughly 300%.

    3)Know exactly how far you have left to go.

     Achieving any goal also requires honest and regular monitoring of your progress--if not by others, then by you yourself. If you don't know how well you are doing, you can't adjust your behavior or your strategies accordingly. Check your progress frequently--weekly, or even daily, depending on the goal.

阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。

C

    There's a new frontier in 3D printing that's beginning to come into focus: food. Recent development has made possible machines that print, cook, and serve foods on a mass scale. And the industry isn't stopping there.

Food production

    With a 3D printer, a cook can print complicated chocolate sculptures and beautiful pieces for decoration on a wedding cake. Not everybody can do that — it takes years of experience, but a printer makes it easy. A restaurant in Spain uses a Foodini to "re-create forms and pieces" of food that are "exactly the same," freeing cooks to complete other tasks. In another restaurant, all of the dishes and desserts it serves are 3D-printed, rather than farm to table.

Sustainability(可持续性)

    The global population is expected to grow to 9.6 billion by 2050, and some analysts estimate that food production will need to be raised by 50 percent to maintain current levels. Sustainability is becoming a necessity. 3D food printing could probably contribute to the solution. Some experts believe printers could use hydrocolloids (水解胶体) from plentiful renewables like algae(藻类) and grass to replace the familiar ingredients(烹饪原料). 3D printing can reduce fuel use and emissions. Grocery stores of the future might stock "food" that lasts years on end, freeing up shelf space and reducing transportation and storage requirements.

Nutrition

    Future 3D food printers could make processed food healthier. Hod Lipson, a professor at Columbia University, said, "Food printing could allow consumers to print food with customized nutritional content, like vitamins. So instead of eating a piece of yesterday's bread from the supermarket, you'd eat something baked just for you on demand."

Challenges

    Despite recent advancements in 3D food printing, the industry has many challenges to overcome. Currently, most ingredients must be changed to a paste(糊状物) before a printer can use them, and the printing process is quite time-consuming, because ingredients interact with each other in very complex ways. On top of that, most of the 3D food printers now are restricted to dry ingredients, because meat and milk products may easily go bad. Some experts are skeptical about 3D food printers, believing they are better suited for fast food restaurants than homes and high-end restaurants.

阅读理解

    One of the features of a successful business is its ability to employ creativity to constantly push into new territory. Without growth and innovation, businesses eventually fade away. Those with staying power, however, have mastered an often-overlooked factor that allows them to focus on the future clearly: empathy (共情). While that may surprise many, I am certain that the ability to connect with and relate to others—empathy in its purest form—is the force that moves businesses forward.

    Though the concept of empathy might go against the modern concept of a traditional workplace competitive, the reality is that for business leaders to experience success, they need to not just see or hear the activity around them, but also relate to the people they serve.

    Some may think they want the results from doggedly (顽强地) pursuing their goals without much thought for other people. This attitude works for some, but at some point often sooner rather than later everyone needs to rely on their relationships and established personal and professional connections. These relationships are the product of taking an honest and dedicated interest in others and their businesses. Successful people do not operate alone; each of us needs the support of others to achieve positive results that push us toward our goals. True empathy combines understanding both the emotional and the logical rationale(根据) that goes into every decision.

    Effectively understanding empathy involves viewing it as each person's connection to the people and marketplace that surround them. A biological principle known as co-evolution explains that the adaptation of an organism is caused by the change of a related object. Similarly, businesses and their leaders participate in co-evolution-type relationships. Business success depends on empathetic leaders who are able to adapt, build on the strengths around them, and relate to their environment. When businesses fail, it is often because leaders have stopped focusing on understanding their environment and instead stay separated in their own operations. Successful business leaders are receptive to disturbance and aware of what is going on in their organizations both internally and externally.

    To develop an effective workforce, we must be willing to give in and meet people where they are. This can be frustrating and uncomfortable, particularly when you feel like your position makes more sense or offers a better solution. A critical part of developing empathy, however, is learning to understand, respect and implement another individual's point of view rather than forcing your own.

阅读理解

    Tomorrow brings to a close of the second school term of the 2018 academic year and the start of the winter school holidays. Following a busy examination period, this is a much needed break for many students across the province.

    Wednesday, January 6: Ice Skating

    Welcome to the world of ice for our first cold-weather event of the season! Whether you are a professional ice skater or this will be your first time on the ice, you are guaranteed to have a fantastic time!

    Wednesday, January 13: College Preparedness 2.0

    Although most of the stress of applying for college this year is out of the way, this College Preparedness workshop will help you take other things into consideration. Application deadlines for financial aid are drawing near and we are bringing in the experts to help you through all of the specific details. This workshop will help to best prepare you for scholarships, work study, and student loans that will make paying for college easy as A-B-C, Do-Re-Mi, and 1-2-3.

    Wednesday, January 27: Ecological Risk Assessment of Your Life/Home

    There are so many warnings out there about what you should and should not put in your body and use in your home. This workshop helps make sense of it all. Come to figure out how to live your healthiest possible life without spending a ton of money.

    Wednesday, February 3: Winter Survival in Any Situation

    Living in the outdoors with minimal equipment is a skill and an art. It is particularly challenging when the outside temperatures reach winter lows. The winter survival workshop will show you some old tricks of the trade for surviving outside in cold temperatures and how to make primitive fires.

    Wednesday, February 10: Best Friend Ever

    High school is temporary, but the friendships you make can be forever. How do you make a relationship last? Learn how to be the best friend you can be in this interactive workshop.

阅读理解

    It's already challenging enough for environmentalists to keep beaches clear of washed up trash(垃圾) and plastic debris(残骸), but the most difficult problem lies in cleaning up all of the millions of tiny microplastics that are impossible to pick up and separate from the sand.

    Fortunately, a group of engineering students succeeded in developing a massive new vacuum cleaner that can collect microplastics without removing any of the sand from the beach. The 12 Canadian students from the University of Sherbrooke in Quebec built their Hoola One plastic vacuum cleaner as a class project.

    "We did some research and we realized there was no machine around the world to do this kind of job," Hoola One co-founder Sam Duval told Hawaii Public Radio. "So we told each other, 'We will invent it,' and we did it."

    As a means of testing their machine's efficiency, they recently used it on the sands of Hawaii's Kamilo Beach, which is also notorious for being one of the dirtiest beaches in the world. Though their first prototype(原型)experienced a number of technical issues, the students managed to fix the problems and tidy up the beach.

    Using a handheld tube, the machine sucks(吸入)up plastic and sand and dumps them all into a massive tank of water. Since rocks and sand are heavier than plastic, they sink to the bottom of the tank so they can be dumped back onto the beach. The plastic, on the other hand, floats to the top of the tank.

    According to Hawaii Public Radio, the team left the Hoola One vacuum on the island as a donation to the state department- They are now researching the ecological effects of the vacuum on the beach while they search for funding and sponsorships(赞助)to produce more Hoola One vacuums.

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