题型：任务型阅读 题类：模拟题 难易度：普通
上海市金山区2020届高三下学期英语第二次模拟试卷
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A. Between August and April, they sought food in low elevations (海拔) on China's Qinling Mountains. B. Scientists think the research show that pandas are very clever. C. Pandas eat bamboo all day long except when they are sleeping or playing. D. The gene for their “umami taste receptors” became inactive. E. They fed on them until they went back down the mountain and started eating Bashania fargesii leaves again. F. Scientists have conducted many studies on pandas' eating habits. |
Are Bamboo-Eating Pandas Really Herbivores?
On the outside, giant pandas look like herbivores (食草动物). They spend nearly all of their waking hours eating bamboo. But on the inside, they're built like carnivores (食肉动物). About half of the calories they eat come from protein, according to a new study.
The ancestor of giant pandas were omnivorous(杂食的). They are both animals and plants, and had the digestive system and gut bacteria to metabolize(使发生新陈代谢)them. They had "umami taste receptors," to appreciate the flavors of meat.
However, about 2.4 million years ago, things began to change. Their jaw and teeth evolved to help them crush bamboo, and their wrist bone became capable of grasping the stalk(杆)of their favorite plant. Scientists think pandas switched to eating bamboo partly because they didn't have to fight with other animals to get it. Bamboo is high in fiber but has a low concentration of nutrients, so pandas have to eat 20 to 40 pounds of the plant every day just to get by.
David Raubenheimer, a nutritional ecologist at the University of Sydney, and his colleagues put GPS trackers on two giant pandas and followed their movement throughout the year. They discovered that the pandas followed the protein. At the start of the cycle, they ate Bashania fargesii leaves until they got the chance to feast on young shoots, which contained more protein.
The more the shoots grew, the more their protein was diluted(冲淡)by fiber. That caused the pandas to move to higher ground, where Fargesia qinlingensis grew. First, they ate the shoots, but these, too, went from being protein - rich to fiber-rich as they grew. The panda responded by switching to the leaves. The researchers found that about half of the calories the pandas ate were in the form of protein.
"They can know exactly where to go, and when to go, so they can get the most of the nutrients that their ecosystem can provide," said Silvia Pineda - Munoz, who was not involved in the study.
The work also shows that classifying an animals as herbivore or carnivore is more complex than one might sassume. "It's not whether you're eating plants but what of the plants you're eating," said Pineda - Munoz.
Since the beginning of human evolution, men have migrated（迁移）across continents in search of food, shelter, safety, and comfortable weather. People still move for these reasons, but new reasons for human migration are arising, such as job relocation(重新安置) and overpopulation.
Three million migrants are moving from poor countries to wealthier ones each year, and increasingly, their destination is a neighboring country in developing parts of the world. People are moving within the developing world for the same reasons as they migrate to wealthier nations. People from poor countries are going to less poor countries, fleeing wars and conflicts. They are also responding to population pressures because some countries are densely populated, and they often have high population growth. Those people need to go somewhere else.
There are three main reasons why people move. The basic categories and percentages are as follows, according to the Current Population Surveys (CPS):
Family-related reasons account for 26.3%, including changes in marital（婚姻的） status, establishing a household and other family reasons; work-related reasons 16.2%, including job transfer, retirement, and other job-related reasons; housing-related reasons 51.6%, including new and better houses, better neighborhood, cheaper housing and other housing reasons; the remaining 5.9% of other reasons are attending college, the change of climate and health reasons.
Americans have been migrating south and west for decades in search of better job opportunities and warmer climates. They have also been moving to places a little far from cities, in search of bigger yards and houses, lower crime rates and better schools. In 1950, nearly a fifth of the population lived in the nation's 20 largest cities. In 2006, it was about one in ten. That's why many American people say, “Big Cities Shrink as People Move South, West.”
Between March 2005 and March 2007, 73.4 million Americans moved. Fifty-six percent of these moves were within the same country. Twenty percent were between counties but in the same state. Nineteen percent were moves to a different state. Some families even went abroad.
Title: People on the {#blank#}1{#/blank#}
Lead-in | Throughout human{#blank#}2{#/blank#}, people have migrated across continents. |
An {#blank#}3{#/blank#} number of people from poor countries are moving to {#blank#}4{#/blank#} countries, especially neighboring ones. | |
{#blank#}5{#/blank#}for people's migration | According to the CPS, the {#blank#}6{#/blank#} of people move to other places for reasons {#blank#}7{#/blank#}to housing. |
To{#blank#}8{#/blank#} for a better job chance, a warmer {#blank#}9{#/blank#} and a bigger yard, Americans have long been moving south and west. | |
Conclusion | Now every year more and more people move to other places, which seems to have become a global {#blank#}10{#/blank#}. |
注意：每个空格只填一个单词。
Social media is all about connecting with others. But a new study suggests that too much social media leads to disconnection and loneliness—basically the opposite of what we are led to believe.
The study, Social Media Use and Perceived Social Isolation Among Young Adults in the U.S, which was published on March 6, 2017 in the American Journal of Preventive Medicine, found that heavy use of platforms such as Facebook, Snapchat, and Instagram was associated with feelings of social isolation (孤独) among young adults.
Study co-author Brian Primack and his team from the Center for Research on Media, Technology and Health at the University of Pittsburgh surveyed 1,787 U.S. adults aged 19 to 32 and asked them about their usage of 11 social media platforms (outside of work). They also asked participants questions related to social isolation, such as how often they felt left out. The participants who reported spending the most time on social media—over two hours a day—had twice the possibility of social isolation than those who said they spent a half-hour per day or less on the same sites. Additionally, people who visited social media platforms most frequently (58 visits per week or more) had more than three times the possibility of perceived social isolation than those who visited them fewer than nine times per week.
According to Tom Kersting, psychotherapist and author of Disconnected, the key to understanding these results lies in our understanding of "connections." "Humans are social-emotional beings, meaning that it is in our DNA to be connected, face-to-face, with other humans," he told Reader's Digest. "Although people think being on social media all the time makes them 'connected' to others, they are actually 'disconnected,' because the more time one spends behind a screen, the less time one spends face-to-face."
"Part of the issue of loneliness is that the majority of people who use social media aren't just posting, they are also viewing," Kersting continued. "They are spending a lot of time looking at everyone else's posts, where they are, where they are going and what they are doing. Then everyone else's 'perfect' life experiences cause them to have feelings of being left out, of being lonely."
So what's the answer? It's simple, says Kersting—although it does involve a significant amount of will power. "To solve this, what you should do is resist the temptation (诱惑) to look at everyone else's life. Just focus on your own life, where you're going, what you are grateful for, and what you want to accomplish in this world. Then go out and do it and stop wasting so much time comparing."
How social media use can {#blank#}1{#/blank#} loneliness | |
{#blank#}2{#/blank#} of the study | Contrary to popular belief, heavy users of social media may feel{#blank#}3{#/blank#} and lonely. ◆ People who spent over two hours are twice more {#blank#}4{#/blank#} to feel socially isolated than those spending a half-hour per day. ◆ People who visited social media platforms most {#blank#}5{#/blank#} tend to feel left out in comparison with those who visited them fewer than nine times per week. |
Reasons behind the problem | ◆ Lost in social media, people {#blank#}6{#/blank#} to afford enough time to communicate face-to-face. ◆ People who view others' posts can be {#blank#}7{#/blank#} by others' seemingly perfect life experiences. |
{#blank#}8{#/blank#} | ◆ It requires a strong {#blank#}9{#/blank#} to resist the temptation of social media. ◆ Focus on your own life and stop{#blank#}10{#/blank#} your life with others'. |
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