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  • 题型:阅读理解 题类:常考题 难易度:普通

    阅读理解

         When the Normans built their first simple wooden castles in England,they built them on the top of small hills.The first permanent castles were made of stone and built with thick walls.The main building was usually surrounded by walls which overlooked the moat (护城河).

         The entrance to the castle was usually over a drawbridge (吊桥) leading to the main gatehouse.The drawbridge could be raised or lowered and an iron grille (栅栏) could be lowered to shut off the entrance to the gatehouse.

         As time went on,the castle builders became more advanced in their techniques.Instead of building a strong central building and surrounding it with walls of lesser strength,they thought out the idea of surrounding a central area with huge walls which could contain all the main rooms of the castle.These walls usually had many towers and these towers were really a series of main buildings along the castle walls.In building these castles they used hill sites whenever possible in order to give the castle a better position.Because the outside world was shut off by a barrier or curtain of defences,they are called “curtain wall” castles.

         With the passing of time there was less need to build strong castles and nobles built manor (庄园) houses.These manor houses often had battlements and iron grilles,but they were built more for comfort and included many of the conveniences and luxuries of the large houses which were being built in the towns.

         Unfortunately,many English castles were damaged or destroyed completely during the Civil Wars of the 1600s.

    (1)What is the best title for this passage?

    A . How to build castles. B . How to protect castles. C . The history of English castles. D . The structure of English castles.
    【答案】
    (2)It can be known from the passage that ________.

    A . the first simple castles in England were made of wood B . old castles in England were all built on the top of hills C . the iron drawbridge was the only way to reach the main gatehouse D . “curtain wall” castles used curtains as their walls
    【答案】
    (3)Which of the following was used not to let others enter the gatehouse of a castle?

    A . A moat. B . An iron grille. C . A drawbridge. D . A central keep.
    【答案】
    (4)What can be inferred from the passage?

    A . Most of English castles became manor houses now. B . The Civil Wars left many English castles in ruins. C . English castles were too strong to be destroyed. D . Nobles built manor houses in order to defend their fortune.
    【答案】
    【考点】
    【解析】
      

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        Apple Seeds

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    阅读理解

        Years ago, students applying to colleges and universities had to have their applications and personal essays printed out and then “snail-mailed”. Flash forward to today's world of Facebook, Instagram and WeChat, where photos, videos and mobile phones rule. Fortunately, several new tools are making it easier for college applicants to use technology to show off their personalities, skills and creativity.

        ZEEMEE

        One of the more popular innovations in college applications is ZeeMee, a free mobile app that allows students to upload personal profiles and videos to create visual resumes. More than 220 colleges and universities offer a ZeeMee option as part of the application process. The video can show the unique creative aspects of the applicants.

    THE COALITION LOCKER

        Another relatively new tool comes from the Coalition for Access, Affordability and Success, now used by more than 110 member colleges and universities. Among the group's stated goals are getting students engaged in college prep early and using technology to create a supportive application process that encourages reflection and self-discovery.

        Students who sign up for the free platform get access to a digital “locker”, which they can use all through high school to save class papers, artwork, newspaper stories, videos and photos to share with colleges when they eventually apply.

        VIDEO — CHAT INTERVIEWS

        At some schools, an interview with an admission officer is an important part of the application process. To make it easier, several virtual interviewing tools have popped up, such as a video-based platform from Kira. More than 140 universities worldwide use Kira's video assessment tool to conduct real-time interviews with prospective students. During the interview, candidates are shown the questions prerecorded by the particular school and must respond in real time by talking into the camera on their laptop or phone. In addition to showing their ability, to speak fluently in English and think on their feet, it helps admission officers determine the “motivation, commitment and drive” of applicants.

        UNIQUE SCHOOL TOOLS

        Some universities have come up with their own ways to allow students to show their skills and personalities. For example, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, encourages applicants to display their technical abilities and creativity by submitting a “Maker Portfolio” —a written or videotaped description of a project that shows creative and problem-solving skills. While a new app would fit the bill, the project could be anything from an origami design to a potato cannon.

    阅读理解

        Booking

        The majority of event tickets are on sale from Bath Box Office.

        Online: www. bathboxoffice.org.uk

        By email: boxoflfice@bathfesicals.org.uk

        By telephone: +44(0)1225 463362 (Monday to Friday)

        In person: Bath Box Office, Bath Visitor Information Centre, Abbey Chambers.

        Opening times: Monday-Saturday 10:30am to 5pm (Closed on Sunday)

        Tickets not on sale at Bath Box Office are indicated on our website and also in the programme.

        Travel information

        Bath will be very crowded on Saturdays,so we recommend that you start earlier for your journey considering the busy traffic.

        Find out about travelling to Bath by car,train, coach and plane. The main train station is Bath Spa, the closest airport is Bristol, and there is quite a lot of parking but it fills up quickly. National Express has coaches to and from Bath.

        Parking

        The closest car park to the Assembly Rooms (the starting point for the Promenade) is located in Charlotte Street, which is divided into several sections. Parking in the top section means the shortest walk to the start in the Assembly Rooms.

        Park and Ride will be very busy on Saturdays with visitors to the city. Please allow plenty of time to park and catch the bus, and we suggest at least one hour from parking the car to getting into the city center plus walking time from the bus stop to the Assembly Rooms.

        Accessibility

        For accessibility, please see the list. Most places are a least partly accessible. If using a wheelchair, please advise the Box office so that suitable arrangements can be made for your comfort.

    阅读理解

        People who increased the number of times they chewed their food before swallowing ate less each meal, according to a new study.

        Slow eaters tend to be slimmer. Before the study, the researchers didn't know whether asking people to chew more would change the amount of food they ate. But they found meal sizes became smaller when adults chewed more before swallowing——whether they were slim, normal-weight, overweight or obese.

        “The study proves the benefits of taking time to chew food well,” said dietitian Brown Giggs.

        The participants were asked to eat five pizza rolls and count the number of times they chewed each roll. Researchers did not tell them what exactly was being tested in the study. 47 people went on to finish the study. 10 were slim, 10 were normal-weight, 27 were overweight. Those participants attended three weekly lunchtime test periods. Each day, researchers gave them 60 pizza rolls and told them to eat until they were full. Depending on the period, researchers asked people to chew every bite the same number of times as at their test visit, 50% more or twice as many times.

        Slim participants ate more slowly than normal-weight and overweight participants. Overall, people spent more time eating when they increased the number of times they chewed. The participants rated their appetite (食欲) the same after each meal even though slower chewing reduced how much they ate.

        Researchers noted that the study was conducted under lab conditions, so it's not clear whether it would adapt to normal life. The researchers are now looking to see whether how fast people eat, for example, influences how much they eat. “It takes about 20 minutes for the brain to signal your stomach that you're full,” Brown Riggs said.

        “Fast eaters can eat a large amount of food within that 20-minute period causing more calories, which can lead to being overweight or obesity.”

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