题型：任务型阅读 题类：真题 难易度：困难
2016年高考英语真题试卷（江苏卷）
An Extension of the Human Brain
Other people can help us compensate for our mental and emotional deficiencies (欠缺)，much as a wooden leg can compensate for a physical deficiency. To be exact, other people can extend our intelligence and help us understand and adjust our emotions. When another person helps us in such ways, he or she is participating in what I've called a “social prosthetic (义肢的）system.” Such systems do notneed to operate face-to-face, and it's clear to me that the Internet is expanding the range of my own social prosthetic systems. It's already a big bank of many minds. Even in its current state, the Internet has extended my memory and judgment.
Regarding memory: Once I look up something on the Internet, I don't need to keep all the details for future use—I know where to find that informationagain and can quickly and easily do so. More generally, the Internet functions as if it were my memory. This function of the Internet is particularly striking when I'm writing; I'm no longer comfortable writing if I'm not connected to the Internet. It's become natural to check facts as I write, taking a minute or two to dip into PubMed, Wikipedia, or other websites.
Regarding judgment: The Internet has made me smarter in matters small and large. For example, when I'm writing a textbook, it has become second nature to check a dozen definitions of a key term, which helps me dig into the core andunderstand its meaning. But more than that, I now regularly compare my views with those of many others. If I have a “new idea,” I now quickly look to see whether somebody else has already thought of it, or something similar—and I then compare what I think with what others have thought. This certainly makes my own views clearer. Moreover, I can find out whether my reactions to an event are reasonable enough by reading about those of others on the Internet.
These effects of the Internet have become even more striking since I've begun using a smartphone. I now regularly pull out my phone to check a fact, watch a video, read weibo. Such activities fill the spaces that used to be dead time (such as waiting for somebody to arrive for a lunch meeting).
But that's the upside (好处). The downside is that in those dead periods I often would let my thoughts flow and sometimes would have an unexpected insight or idea. Those opportunities are now fewer and farther between.
An Extension of the Human Brain | |
A prosthetic nature | • The can help make up for our mental and emotional deficiencies as a wooden leg can compensate for a bodily deficiency. • It in our daily events, extending our intelligence, comprehending our feelings, and expanding the range of social activities. |
Wonderful aspects: memory and judgment | • On the Internet, we could quickly and easily locate the details, and check facts, without them in mind. |
• The Internet makes us smarter over kinds of things. It provides a dozen definitions of a key term for us to find the of the matter. The Internet enables us to exchange ideas with many others to our claims, and to our actions. | |
The sides of smartphones | • Smartphones make it easier and more to check reality, watch video clips, read weibo. |
• Smartphones the possibility for new and insightful minds, and steal away our dead time. | |
Children in kinder gardens have a lot of chances to interact（互动）with other children at their age．If your child is not in it, it can be fun and helpful to create chances to play with others．Here are some things you can do to support your child's early partner relationship.
Schedule regular playmates.
Start when your child is around one year of age, set aside a few times a week for playtime with partners．{#blank#}1{#/blank#} .Even so, you still might want to give your baby a chance observe and communicate with children who are at the same developmental level.
Join a playgroup.
Many communities have organized playgroups for young children．{#blank#}2{#/blank#}，and learn to feel comfortable in a new setting．As an added benefit, while your child plays, you can talk with other parents who have children the same age as your own.
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You can organize a playground in your own home．It may involve just one other child, or as many as three or four．{#blank#}4{#/blank#}.Remember: safety first.
Offer guidance when needed.
If you see a child playing in a way that might hurt another, certainly you need to help her find a safer way to have fun．{#blank#}5{#/blank#}．But remember that some children need to watch for a while before they feel comfortable joining in —encourage everyone to join the fun, but don't push.
A．Make your home safe for play. B．Make sure there are enough parents to talk with C．You'll need a safe space that has been carefully child-proofed. D．It is also necessary to help a child who does not know how to get started. E．This can be a great way for your child to interact with her partners F．It is enough to have a few interesting and safe toys to help everyone feel comfortable. G．If you have older children, of course, they will do a lot of playing with your younger ones. |
Just as team members today have assigned doing roles, there should also be thinking roles. By knowing how other members of your learn and organization think—and by others knowing how you think—everyone can be more productive. So how should you evaluate how you and your team think? After a lot of trial-and-error, we developed a three-step method that delivers practical and meaningful results.
Focus. Do you tend to pay the most attention to ideas, process, action, or relationships? For example, in the morning do you think about the problems you need to solve, the plans you need to make, the actions you need to take, or the people you need to see? This isn't about picking one to the exclusion(排除)of the other. It's about where your focus naturally lands.
Orientation(方向). A good way to identify your orientation is thinking about what tends to bother you in meetings. Are you more likely to complain about getting dragged into the weeds or about things being too general and not specific enough? These dimensions are complementary(补充的)to personality, skills, and traditional roles.
Combination. By combing these two dimensions you can know about the thinking style at work in whatever context or setting you chose. When you know your thinking style, you know what naturally energizes you, why certain type of problems are challenging or boring, and what you can do to improve in areas that are important to reaching your goals. Once you know your style, it helps to share it with others, and have others share theirs with you. In this way, your thinking style becomes a useful tool—a kind of social currency—for the team. Imaging you put together a team to work on a new initiative(行动). Wouldn't you like to know who is energized by big-picture strategy discussions and who finds them frustrating? Who likes to work on the details of the execution? And who is energized by managing the team dynamics?
The landscape of business is changing rapidly, and we have to find new and better ways to connect and communicate. We all want to work better together, the challenge is actually making it happen. Understanding collaboration(合作)through the way of thinking rather than doing is a practical and powerful step forward.
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What kind of Thinker Are You? |
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Introduction |
●Both assigned doing roles and thinking roles are {#blank#}1{#/blank#}important among team members. ●Team members knowing how each other think can {#blank#}2{#/blank#}productivity. |
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Three steps in {#blank#}3{#/blank#}thinking styles |
●The first step is to identify the focus of your {#blank#}4{#/blank#}in a particular context. ●It is not about making an either-or{#blank#}5{#/blank#}, but about finding where your focus naturally lands. |
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*The next stop is to identify {#blank#}6{#/blank#}your orientation swings toward the big picture or the details. *It can help others form a full understanding of you. |
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*The third step is to {#blank#}7{#/blank#}these two dimensions and see your thinking style at work. *It {#blank#}8{#/blank#}to the understanding of other team members' thinking styles. |
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In this rapidly changing world, understanding {#blank#}10{#/blank#}others think instead of what they do can help you work better together. |
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