阅读短文，按要求完成短文后的各项任务。 Smog is a big problem in many Chinese cities. But it seems that besides wear...

题型：任务型阅读题类：模拟题难易度：困难

2015届内蒙古鄂尔多斯康巴什新区初中毕业升学第一次模拟英语试卷

阅读短文，按要求完成短文后的各项任务。

Smog is a big problem in many Chinese cities. But it seems that besides wearing a mask, few of us know what has caused the smog and what to do to beat it. In fact, burning too much coal and oil are the main causes of PM2.5 and smog (雾霾).

To solve the problem, we should clean our coal and oil or replace them with cleaner energy such as natural gas. We ordinary people can do something to help control smog, too.

What can we do to help beat the smog?

Choose to take public transportation. Though many people have their own cars, they had better take public transportation, such as the subway or buses. If the destination (目的地) is not far away, you can also walk ________ ride a bike.

Call the hotline 12369. You can call the number for complaints and questions about environmental issues. It is run by China's Ministry of Environmental Protection. If you call the number, some officers can come and try to solve the issues, so please remember it.

Report and resist pollutant source. If you find any pollutant source, take a picture of it and post it on your social media accounts. Remember to add “@local environmental departments” on weibo. Payattention to factories that pollute the environment and don't buy products from them.

Our environment will become better if everyone is concerned (关注) with the environment. This is what we need in the future. So everyone can do something to beat smog.

（1）、What are the main causes of PM2.5 and smog according to the passage?

（2）、根据文章内容补全句子：

If you have environmental issues, youcan

（3）、将句中横线处空缺的一个单词填出使句意完整。

If the destination is not far away, you can also walk ride a bike.

（4）、从文中找出与下面句子意义相近的句子

If all of us keep an eye on the environment,the world will become more beautiful.

（5）、将文中画线句子译成汉语：

举一反三

    Steve Jobs, co-founder and former CEO of US technology giant Apple, has died at the age of 56. Mr Jobs had announced he was suffering from cancer in 2004. Apple said he had been "the source of countless innovations（创新）that enrich and improve all of our lives" and had made the world "immeasurably（无法衡量的）better".
    Tributes(赞美之辞) have been made by technology company bosses and world leaders, with US President Barack Obama saying the world had "lost a visionary（有远见卓识的人）". "Steve was among the greatest of American innovators —— brave enough to think differently, bold enough to believe he could change the world, and talented enough to do it," said Mr Obama.
    A statement from Mr Jobs's family said they were with him when he died peacefully on Wednesday. "In his public life, Steve was known as a visionary; in his private life, he loved his family deeply," they said, requesting privacy and thanking those who had "shared their wishes and prayers" during his final year.
    Apple said the company had "lost a visionary and creative genius(天才) and the world have lost an amazing human being". Tim Cook, who was made Apple's CEO after Mr Jobs stood down in August, said his predecessor had left behind "a company that only he could have built, and his spirit will forever be the foundation of Apple". Flags are being flown at half mast outside the Apple headquarters（总部） in Cupertino, California, while fans of the company have left tributes outside Apple shops around the world.
    The heads of other leading technology companies have also paid tribute, including Microsoft boss Bill Gates, who said "For those of us lucky enough to get to work with him, it's been a great honour. I will miss Steve very much."
    Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg thanks Mr Jobs for "showing that what you build can change the world" while Sony Corp president and CEO Howard Stringer said: "The digital age has lost its leading light." South Korea's Samsung, which is involved in a case with Apple over patents(专利), admired Mr Jobs for his "Completely new and different changes to the IT industry".

    Many animals do strange things before an earthquake (地震). This news may be important. Earthquakes can kill people and knock down homes. The animals may help to save lives.
    Some animals make a lot of noise before an earthquake. Farmers have told about this. Dogs that are usually quiet have started to howl(吠). Horses on farms have run around in circles. Mice have left their holes and run away. Cows have given less milk.
    In a town in Italy, cats raced down the street in a group. That happened only a few hours before an earthquake. In San Francisco, a man kept tiny pet frogs. One Sunday, the frogs jumped around more than ever. They made loud noises, like bigger frogs. That night, an earthquake struck the city.
    People want to know when an earthquake is coming. Then they could get away safely. Right now, there is no sure way to know ahead of time. Maybe the best way is to watch the animals.

Some people believe that classes, teachers and school buildings will no longer be necessary in the near future because of the Internet and other new technology. Perhaps this will be true one day, but if the world has no schools, I can't imagine how our society will be. In fact, we should learn how to use new technology to make schools better. We should invent a new kind of school connected to libraries, museums, science centers, labs and even companies. Technological companies should create learning programs for schools. Scientists could give talks through the Internet. TV networks and local stations could develop programs about things students are studying in school. Labs could set up websites to show new technology, so students could see it on the Internet.
Is this a dream? No. There have been many cities where this is beginning to happen. Here the whole city is connected to the Internet, and learning can take place at home, at school, and in the office. Businesses provide programs for the schools and the society. The schools provide computer labs for people without their own computers at home. Because everyone can go on the Internet, older people use it as much as younger ones, and everyone can visit faraway libraries and museums as easily as nearby ones. How will this new thing of school change the usual way of learning? It is a little early to be sure, but it is very exciting to think about it. Technology will change the way we learn; schools will change as well; and we will learn something from the Internet.

根据短文内容，选择最佳选项。

Today is December 15, 2030. Influenced by the launch of the first manned mission to Mars next month, you will most likely get a gift card for a space trip.

The interest in trips, 100km above the surface of the Earth, has grown steadily since such a trip began. However, the market has grown much larger this year since the official announcement of the Mars mission. More low - cost spacelines have entered the market and you can now find flights for such a trip for as low as $3,495.It's very reasonable.

Space tourism( 旅游业，观光业) is one of the markets that have developed fast during the last decade, with the opening of the Starbright Hotel on the moon as well as the low orbital hotels that started accepting guests. However, accommodation in space is still expensive for the average household, so the suborbital (亚轨道的) flights with thirty - minute weightlessness during the three - hour flight will for some time be the most popular trip.

However, the spacelines might in the future face fierce competition between space elevators (太空升降舱), like the one that is projected to start construction within two years. Once it is fully functional, it will start to ship cargo to space. But it will accept passengers as soon as possible to get back the large investment. Even if the elevator becomes successful, it will take several years before there are more elevators in the world to get in the competition for space traffic with the spacelines.

Those who are looking for a little bit of adventure and have extra money to spend may want to consider a suborbital flight in space. While a suborbital flight may not be the space mission that you have always dreamed of, it will give you the rare opportunity to see what our planet looks like in a high - altitude flight outside our atmosl3here. So before you enjoy a trip by elevator to space, enjoy a suborbital flight first.

根据短文内容，选择最佳答案

What was discovered by accident? The answer is penicillin (青霉素). It kills germs. By killing germs, it saves lives. Suppose you are sick. You go to a doctor. She examines you. She says you have a “staph” infection (葡萄球菌感染). She gives you some medicine. You take it. The medicine knocks out the staph. Soon you are well. Before penicillin, this would not happen. Staph was almost sure death.

Everyone wanted a medicine. Laboratories worked day and night. They grew the staph in small dishes. Then they tried to kill it. Nothing worked.

The laboratory dishes had covers on them. They kept things from falling into dishes. Molds (霉菌) were a big worry. They are always in the air. You can't see them. They're too small. There are thousands of different molds. Molds can make an experiment (实验) fail. That's why dishes are covered.

Dr. Alexander Fleming was working to kill the staph germ. He worked for years. One day he took a cover off a dish. He looked inside. There was a thick growth of staph germ. There was also some mold. Then he saw something strange. Where the mold was, there was no growth of staph. This is what Fleming probably thought. “By accident, I found a mold to kill the dreaded staph.”

This is how penicillin was found. But here's the real miracle (奇迹). There are thousands of kinds of molds. But only one kind can kill staph. The mold must have fallen into the dish a few days before. The cover was probably off only a few seconds (秒). In those few seconds the right mold fell into the right dish. Another man might have thrown the dish away. But Fleming was very careful and smart. He understood what the mold did. How lucky the humans were!

根据短文内容，选择最佳选项。

Bioplastic(生物塑料) is a kind of plastic, but it is not the same as normal plastic. Normal plastic is made from chemical materials and takes a very long time to degrade(降解). But bioplastic is good for the environment. It is made by using bacteria(细菌) to process(加工) natural sources like vegetable oils, corn or sugar. It can degrade more easily.

But there is a problem with bioplastic. The "food" that bacteria eat is what we eat. This means that bacteria are competing against humans for the same resources.

Now scientists have found a new way to make bioplastic——using two kinds of bacteria and sunlight, according to Newsweek.

One of the bacteria can use sunlight to produce sugar. The other kind lives in the salty waters of Bolivia. It eats the sugar that the first bacteria produce and then it can produce polymers(聚合物). Polymers are used to create bioplastics. The way the bacteria store polymers is similar as humans store fats.

The new way to produce bioplastic has many advantages. It is 20 times faster than the normal way we produce bioplastic. Moreover, using these two bacteria saves resources.

Firstly, producing a lot of bioplastic requires corn and sugar, which are used to feed normal bacteria. And growing corn and sugar needs farmland. But these two bacteria can just use sunlight. The land that is saved can be used to grow food for humans. Besides, this system doesn't need rich land or clean water at all, scientists said to Newsweek.

The next problem scientists face is that they want to put their lab research into real-world practice. By doing this, bioplastic made with these two bacteria can be widely produced in the future.

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