题型:阅读选择 题类:常考题 难易度:普通
江西省南昌市民德学校2020届九年级下学期英语3月开学考试卷
Our brains believe information automatically(自动地)-even if it's false-because we can learn efficiently this way. "We're learning false information not because we're poor learners or not working hard," says David Rapp, a psychology and education professor at Northwestern University. "In many cases, it's a useful skill for us to accept what people tell us, because often what people tell us is true."
When we hear new information, those fresh facts don't cover what we knew before. We'll draw on old or new information when the situation comes up. . Short-term memories are easier for our brains to access than facts we heard longer ago, because they're fresher in our minds-even if they're wrong. Since we have to think back further to remember old information, we will often ignore it in favour of new inaccurate (不准确的)information. New information is what we're currently thinking about or has been recently presented to us, while the old one isn't as readily available.
We also buy into the facts that seem more reasonable. Often, this means they fit better with what we want to believe, which can explain why people quote different facts in political debates. Both candidates said something that was objectively true or not, but people would go with what they hope to be true.
Things get even trickier when truth and falsehood coexist in the information. For instance, our brains aren't sure whether to believe the descriptions of London in Harry Potter. "Don't look for that train station to Hogwarts, but there might be streets mentioned that are real," says Dr. Rapp. In fact, our brains can keep track of what's true or false by mentally tagging(标记)facts as either true or false, but sorting all that information takes time. In many cases, we are unlikely to think critically to get information, especially when we are reading for pleasure.
However, it's worth putting in the extra effort to have a second thought about the information that seems doubtful. "With the ease that we can look things up on the Internet," says Dr. Rapp, "there's no reason not to." "Seek out reliable sources," he adds.
Nowadays in school life, a lot of students develop a fear of tests. It's not because tests are something to be afraid of. Most students are afraid of tests mainly because they don't always think they are well—prepared and they don't have enough self—confidence. If you follow the advice below, it's not difficult to overcome your fear of tests.
People who know that they are not well—prepared are usually those who fear tests most. However, most students don't know when they are truly prepared for a test. As long as you know that you have studied well and long enough, you have reason to believe that you are well—prepared.
Be confident about yourself. Confidence before a test can bring about two results: either you fail the test and feel as if your confidence was unfounded (毫无根据的) or you could actually do well in the test because of your confidence. Some students find that they experience the first result. However, this is only because those students might not have followed the first advice mentioned above. As long as you have studied well, you will be more confident of your chance to succeed in a test. If you feel as if you have not studied hard enough, then you will not be as confident as you should be.
Ask your teacher in advance (提前) about the material that is going to be covered in the test. In this way, you will know what you should prepare for and you can get confidence in the test. But you have to be brave enough to ask. Most students do not ask unless their teacher gives the information first, so make sure that you ask.
You should know that tests are only telling if you have got the knowledge, not how good or bad your IQ is. So, even if you do badly in one test, you should know that there are other tests to come. As long as you think that there is another tomorrow, you can overcome your fear of a test. However, make sure that you are going to prepare well for the other tests.
Fear can be a problem in the process of achieving success. However, with the right attitude (态度) and preparations, you can overcome your fear of tests by using these suggestions.
Problem |
Many students{#blank#}1{#/blank#}take tests in school life. |
|
Causes |
They don't think they have prepared well. They are not{#blank#}2{#/blank#}. |
|
Advice |
Prepare well |
When having studied well and long enough, you are sure to be well—prepared. |
Be confident |
With confidence, you may succeed easily and you may also fail because you are not well—prepared. Confidence comes from {#blank#}3{#/blank#} |
|
Ask for key points |
Be brave to ask your teacher what material the test will{#blank#}4{#/blank#}so that you can prepare more easily and be more confident in the test. |
|
Be positive |
IQ has {#blank#}5{#/blank#} the result of a test. Don't lose your heart but prepare well for the other tests. |
|
Main idea |
Right attitude and preparations are useful to overcome your fear of tests. |
Until the beginning of July, there has been no rain in northern Italy for over 100 days. Add to that the high temperatures, and the locals get very dry conditions. This is the most serious dry spell(干旱期)for that area in the past 70 years. Because of this situation, the country's longest river, the Po, is drying up!
This is bad news for several different reasons. The fresh water of the Po provides drinking water for northern Italy. Besides, farmers in this area need the water of the Po to keep their crops growing. What's more, the flowing river water is used to create about half of the hydroelectric power(水力发电)for Italy. Its drying up means that more natural gas(天然气) will be used, which is bad for the environment.
There have been some interesting discoveries from this lack of rain, however. Between Florence and Milan, a long ship sunk (沉没)in 1943 appeared because of the low water levels of the river. Now many tourists and locals come to see this ship. A German tank has also appeared out of water near Mantua. At other places along the river, people can even walk on the sandy river bed. Although this may be interesting, people in Italy and around the world are hoping for the return of rain to refill the Po!
The longest river in Italy is drying up! |
|
The {#blank#}1{#/blank#} |
·Rain hasn't {#blank#}2{#/blank#} in northern Italy for a long time. ·The temperatures are higher than usual. |
Bad influences |
·People have less drinking water from the Po. ·A lack of rain makes it {#blank#}3{#/blank#}for crops to grow. ·People will {#blank#}4{#/blank#}more natural gas, which is bad for the environment. |
Interesting discoveries |
·A long ship sunk in 1943 and a tank from {#blank#}5{#/blank#} appeared. · People are even able to walk on the sandy river bed. |
Information Form(表格) | |
Name | {#blank#}1{#/blank#} White |
Birthday | {#blank#}2{#/blank#} 3rd |
Hobby(爱好) | Playing {#blank#}3{#/blank#} and reading books |
Eating Habits | Having porridge, {#blank#}4{#/blank#} and dumplings for breakfast Having rice, chicken and vegetables for lunch Having noodle for dinner |
Activities(活动) | Two ball games, an art festival and an {#blank#}5{#/blank#} test |
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