题型：任务型阅读 题类：常考题 难易度：普通
黑龙江省哈尔滨师范大学附属中学2018-2019学年高二下学期英语开学考试卷
Over the centuries, people have created many rituals (仪式) to accompany the consumption of their favourite drinks, tea and coffee. Just think of the Japanese tea ceremony, British afternoon tea or the morning coffee ritual in countless societies. Why are these drinks so popular? In the modern world, the new caffeine delivery systems are canned energy drinks. And the more modern our world gets, the more we seem to need caffeine.
Most people don't think twice about their caffeine intake. So the widespread use of caffeine is now a cause for concern among scientists and public health authorities. One result of this concern is that you are not allowed to sell energy drinks in France or Denmark. And in other European countries, manufacturers have to label cans with warnings. The United States has no such rule, but many canned energy drinks sold in the USA carry warnings anyway. Studies have shown it helps relieve pain, reduces asthma (哮喘)symptoms and increases reaction speed. Despite this, a study in Ireland recommended that children and pregnant women, among other groups, shouldn't drink energy drinks.
"For most of human existence, the pattern of sleeping and waking has followed sunrise and sunset." explains Charles Czeisler, a neuroscientist(神经学家)at Harvard Medical School. "Then, the way we work changed from a schedule built around the sun to an indoor job timed by a clock, and consequently humans had to adapt. Electric light, and caffeinated food and drink allowed people to follow a work schedule set by the clock, not by daylight or the natural sleep cycle. Without enough sleep the human body will not function at its best, physically, mentally, or emotionally."
A. The answer is their secret ingredient — caffeine.
B. But we need coffee to get us out of bed and back to work.
C. The main reason that people want caffeine is to stay awake.
D. But research suggests that caffeine may have benefits for human health.
E. Nevertheless, there is a heavy price to pay for all this extra wakefulness.
F. However, it raises blood pressure and thus increases the risk of heart disease.
G. Most babies in the developed world are born with traces of caffeine in their bodies.
You are sitting on the desk. A teacher is writing on the blackboard. Kids are yelling in the playground outside. A book falls off the desk next to you. Suddenly, the teacher hands you a pop quiz.
Don't panic! {#blank#}1{#/blank#} You're in a “virtual（虚拟的）classroom”. Everything you see and hear is coming to you through a computer-operated display that you're wearing on your head like a pair of very big glasses. Wearing this kind of virtual-reality equipment, you can find yourself sitting in a classroom, touring a famous museum, wandering across a strange landscape, flying into space, or playing with a cartoon character. {#blank#}2{#/blank#} Virtual-reality equipment that delivers images and sounds directly to your eyes and ears makes these fake worlds seem lifelike.
Unlike the classroom, the technology is real. It's a type of technology that uses computer programs to imitate real world situation.{#blank#}3{#/blank#} Movie directors and video game producers have been using computers for years to create ever more realistic special effects. Some companies are now building three-dimensional（三维）fantasy worlds in which players, linked by computer networks, appear to meet and go on explorations together.
{#blank#}4{#/blank#} They see virtual reality technology as a useful tool for learning more about why people act as they do. It could help psychologists deter identify and come up with solutions for behaviors problems, for example.
“We've spent the last 100 years looking for certain laws in how people interact with the real world,” says psychologist Albert. “ {#blank#}5{#/blank#} This is psychologist's dream.”
A. You aren't actually in school. B. This technology has been used in many fields. C. Some psychologists are also getting into the act. D. Grown-ups, too, stand a chance of benefiting from this technology. E. As part of one classic test, you watch letters flashed on a computer screen. F. You don't have to leave your room to experience all that mentioned above. G. Now, we've got a powerful tool that lets us create worlds and see how people perform. |
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A. Studying such mixed messages is nothing new for scientists. B. So, your body language is important for telling people how you feel. C. Scientists feel new to study the mixed message that confuses people. D. An angry body had arms back and shoulders at an angle, as if ready to fight. E. Body language can sometimes be misunderstood in different culture backgrounds. F. When you do this, your face and body work together to show your friends that you're happy to see them. G. They also showed pictures in which angry or scared faces were paired with angry or scared bodies |
It's natural to greet friends with a smile and a wave. {#blank#}1{#/blank#} But what happens if your face and body send mixed messages? Would someone be more likely to believe the look on your face or the way you hold your body?
Scientists have recently tackled these questions. They found that when a person is looking at your face, she might not believe what she sees if your body language doesn't match the feeling that your face shows.
{#blank#}2{#/blank#} Previously, they had found that the tone of a person's voice can be more important than the words that are spoken. For example, most people tend not to believe a person who says in a flat voice, "I'm so excited."
When it came to emotions conveyed by facial expressions and body language, most scientists suspected that the face was more important. To test if this was true, psychologists showed people a number of pictures of isolated (孤立的) faces and isolated bodies (with faces blurred out (模糊的) that showed anger or fear. {#blank#}3{#/blank#}
An angry face had low eyebrows and tight lips. A scared face had high eyebrow and a slightly open mouth. {#blank#}4{#/blank#} A scared body had arms forward and shoulders square, as if ready to defend.
These results told the researchers that mixed signals can confuse people. Even when people pay attention to the face, body language subtly (微妙地) influences which emotion they read.
{#blank#}5{#/blank#} If you want to be understood, it helps to avoid sending mixed messages.
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