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题型:阅读选择 题类:模拟题 难易度:普通

    As we all know, the ocean moves. But waves breaking on the beach make the ocean fun. When you stand on the shore and look at the waves, it seems like the water is moving towards you. But the water is not really moving forward. The moving you see is wave energy. And wave energy comes from the wind.
    Let's think about how this works. As wave energy passes through the water, the energy makes particles (粒子) of water move up and down. Just give you an example of a wave passing under a basketball. We put a basketball on the sea. When the wind blows, a wave comes from behind the basketball. The basketball moves up to the top with the wave. Then the wave continues and leaves the basketball behind. The basketball looks lower, but it doesn't move forward. That's because the wave energy just moves the water which is under the basketball.
   So why can you see a wave knock you down on the shore?When a wave moves toward the shore, the bottom of the wave slows down because it meets the ocean floor. But the top, which is called crest(浪峰), keeps moving. The different action causes the wave to fall over or break onto the shore. If a wave is very large, it carries a lot of energy when it hits the land. As time goes by, waves can break up and carry away the rocks and other things on the shore. Shorelines are changing all the time because of wave action.

(1)、______ is really moving forward when you look at the wave.

A、Water B、The basketball C、Water and wave energy D、Wave energy
(2)、

Match the sentences with the pictures and the right answer.
(1) The basketball moves up to the top with the wave.
(2) The basketball continues and leaves the basketball behind.
(3) When the wind blows, a wave comes from behind the basketball.


A、a—(2) b—(1) c—(3) B、a—(3) b—(1) c—(2) C、a—(1) b—(3) c—(2) D、a—(3) b—(2) c—(1)
(3)、Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?

A、Wave energy comes from the water. B、Large waves carry plenty of energy. C、Wave action makes shorelines change all the time. D、The bottom of the wave is easy to slow down.
(4)、The underlined word “it” ( Paragraph 3) refers to “________”.

A、particles of water B、the shore C、the wind D、the bottom of the wave
(5)、The main idea of this passage is ______.

A、what makes particles of water move B、how a basketball moves on the ocean C、how wave energy causes wave action D、why a wave can knock you down
举一反三

   The ocean can be a great place to swim and play, it may also be useful in another way. Some scientists think that waves could help make electricity.
   “Have you ever been on a surfboard or boat and felt yourself being lifted up by a wave?” asked Jamie Taylor of the Wave Energy Group in Scotland. “There is certainly a lot of energy in waves.”
   Scientists are working on using that energy to make electricity. The United States and a few other countries have started doing research on wave energy, and it is already being used in Scotland.
   Most waves are created when winds blow across the ocean. “The winds start out by making little ripples (波纹) in the water, but if they keep on blowing, those ripples get bigger and bigger and turn into waves,” Taylor said. “Waves are one of nature's ways of picking up energy and then sending it off on a journey.”
   When waves come towards the coast, people can set up dams(大坝) to block the water and send it through a large wheel called a turbine(涡轮). The turbine can then power an electrical generator(发电机).
   We will never run out of wave power. Besides, wave energy does not create the same pollution as oil and coal do.
   Oceans cover three quarters of the earth's surface. That would make wave power seem perfect for creating energy around the world. But there are some disadvantages that need us to pay more attention to.
   Jamie Taylor said that wave power still cost too much money. He said that its influence on animals in the sea is still unknown. Besides, wave power would get in the way of fishing and boat traffic.
   With more research, “Many of these problems might be solved,” Taylor said. “Finding more energy sources(资源) is very important, for traditional sources of energy like oil and gas may run out some day.”
   In the future, when you turn on a light button, an ocean wave could be providing the electricity!

阅读理解

D

    Research proves that nearly half of the cancers diagnosed(诊断) in the UK each year-over 130, 000 in total- are caused by life choices that include smoking, drinking and eating the wrong things.

    Tobacco(烟草) is the biggest factor, causing 23% for cases in men and 15.6% in women, says the Cancer Research UK report. Next comes a lack of fresh fruit and vegetables in men's diets, while for women it is being overweight. Lead author of the report, Professor Max Parkin, said: "Many people believe cancer is related to fate or in the genes(基因), and that it depends on luck whether they get it or not. Looking at all the evidence, it is clear that around 40% of all cancers are caused by things we mostly have the power to change."

    For men, the best advice appears to be: stop smoking, eat more fruit and vegetables and cut down on how much alcohol you drink. For women, again, the best advice is to stop smoking, but also watch your weight.

    In total, 14 lifestyle and environmental factors, such as where you live and the job you do, cause 134, 000 cancers in the UK each year.

    Some risk(风险) factors are well founded, such as smoking's link with lung cancer. But others are less well recognized. For stomach cancer, a fifth of the risk comes from having too much salt in the diet, data suggests. Some cancers, like mouth and throat cancer, are caused almost entirely by lifestyle choices. But others, like gall bladder cancer(胆囊癌), are largely unrelated to lifestyle.

    Public Health Minister, Anne Milton, said: "By making small changes you can cut your risk of serious health problems- giving up smoking, watching you drink, getting more exercise and keeping an eye on your weight."

阅读理解

    When we can see well, we do not think about our eyes often. It is only when we can not see perfectly that we come to see how important our eyes are.

    People who are nearsighted can only see things that are very close to their eyes. Many people who do a lot of close work, such as writing and reading, become nearsighted. Then they have to wear glasses in order to see distant things clearly.

    People who are farsighted face just the opposite problem They can see things that are far away, but they have difficulty reading a book unless they hold it at arm's length. If they want to do much reading, they most get glasses too.

    Other people do not see clearly because their eyes are not exactly the right shape. This, too, can be corrected by glasses. Some people'8 eyes become cloudy because of cataracts. Long ago these people often became blind. Now, however, it is possible to operate on the cataracts and remove them.

    When night fails, colors become fainter to the eyes and finally disappear. After your eyes have grown used to the dark, you can see better if you use the side of your eyes rather than the centers. Sometimes, after dark, you see a small thing to one side of you, which seems to disappear if you turn your head in its direction. This is because when you turn your head, you are looking at the thing too directly. Men on guard duty sometimes think they see something moving to one side of them. When they turn to look straight at it, they can not see it any more, and they believe they were mistaken. However, this mistake happens because the center of the eye, which is very sensitive in daylight, is not as sensitive as the sides of the eye after dark.

阅读理解

    Art, as we know, is subjective. What one person considers a priceless masterpiece others might see as nothing more than a giant black square. But there's one very specific kind of painting that almost everyone sees the same way-the kind with the" "strange" eyes that seem to follow you around the room. So what causes this optical illusion (视觉错觉) and how do artists achieve this effect?

    It turns out, for even a moderately skilled artist, this effect isn't a difficult thing to achieve, In fact, the artists need to use a little illusion of depth, making the person depicted on the canvas appears somewhat 3D on a 2D canvas, and to adjust .the gaze (凝视) of the eyes so that they would be looking at someone standing right in front of the picture.

    So what exactly is going on here in our brains that then makes it seem like the eyes follow you even if you move away from being front and center? As demonstrated by a team of researchers from Ohio State University, as you move to the side, the "near? and "far" points of the 2D image don't really change. These near and far points are defined as visible points that, if the image was 3D, would appear nearest and furthest away from the viewer at a given angle.

    The idea is simple. No matter what angle you look at a paining from, the painting itself doesn't change. You're looking at a flat surface. The key is that the near points and far points of the picture remained the same no matter the angle the picture was viewed from. When observing real surfaces in the natural environment the near and far points vary when we change viewing direction. When we observe a picture on the wall, the visual information that defines near and far points is unaffected by viewing direction. Still, we willingly accept and interpret the thing in the painting as if it were a real object.

    Thus, because the perspective, shadows, and light on the painting don't change as you move around, if the eyes in the painting would be staring directly at the observer who is standing in front of the painting, it creates something of an optical illusion in your brain so that the eyes will continue to seem to stare at you as you move to the side.

    In contrast to the eyes following you trick, if the artist tweaks the painting a bit, for example the artist adjusts the gaze of the eyes so that the eyes are looking off somewhere else instead of directly looking at a potential observer, no matter where you stand, the eyes will never seem to be looking at you.

    The technique first began popularly showing up in art around the 14th century when the artist and architect Fillipo Brunelleshi introduced the art world to the idea of "linear perspective", being painting with the idea of everything in the picture converging (聚集) on a specific point on the horizon, creating the illusion of depth. Linear perspective, combined with skilled use of light and shadow, allows artists to create masterfully realistic paintings, including sometimes of people that stare at you creepily no matter where you stand.

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