题型:阅读理解 题类:常考题 难易度:普通
黑龙江省哈尔滨市第三中学2019-2020学年高一上学期英语期末考试试卷
On her first morning in America, last summer, my daughter went out to explore her new neighborhood alone.
Of course we were worried; we had just moved from Berlin, and she was just 8. But when she came home, we realized we had no reason to worry. She told us with pride how she had discovered the little park around the corner, and had made friends with a few local dog owners.
When this story comes up in conversations with American friends, we are usually met with polite disbelief.
A study by the University of California has found that American kids spend 90 percent of their free time at home, often watching TV or playing video games. Even when kids are physically active, they are watched closely by adults, either in school, at home, at afternoon activities or in the car. It seems that America's middle class has taken overprotective parenting to a new level, with the government even acting as a super nanny.
Just take the example of the case of 10-year-old Rafi and 6-year-old Dvora Meitiv in 2015, in Silver Spring, Maryland, who were picked up by the police because their parents had dared to allow them to walk home from the park alone. The state's Child Protective Services said their parents were guilty.
In reality, child abductions (绑架) by strangers in Silver Spring park are as rare as tiger attacks. Children are overprotected, which encourages dependency and affects their abilities to care for themselves and weigh risks. Mark Hemingway writes in The Federalist, "You know what it's called when kids make mistakes without adult supervision (监督) and have to struggle with the possible results? Growing up."
At least, parents who want to give their children more room to walk around shouldn't be punished. Children are not easily damaged objects to be protected at all times.
Family structure is the core of any culture. A major function of the family is to socialize new members of a culture. As children are raised in a family setting, they learn to become members of the family as well as members of the larger culture. The family provides the model for all other relationships in society. Through theobservations and modeling of the behavior of other family members, children learnabout the family and society including the values of the culture. Familystructure and their inherent relationships and obligations are a major sourceof cultural difference.
The family is the center of most traditional Asians' lives. Many people worry about their families' welfare,reputation, and honor. Asian families are often extended, including severalgenerations related by blood or marriage living in the same home. An Asianperson's misdeeds are not blamed just on the individual but also on the family—includingthe dead ancestors.
Traditional Chinese, among many otherAsians, respect their elders and feel a deep sense of duty toward them.Children repay their parents' sacrifices by being successful and supportingthem in old age. This is accepted as a natural part of life in China. Incontrast, taking care of aged parents is often viewed as tremendous burden inthe United States, where aging and family support are not honored highly.
The Vietnamese family consists of peoplecurrently alive as well as the spirits of the dead and of the as-yet unborn.Any decisions or actions are done from family considerations, not individualdesires. People's behavior is judged on whether it brings shame or pride to thefamily. Vietnamese children are trained to rely on their families, to honorelderly people, and to fear foreigners. Many Vietnamese think that theiractions in this life will influence their status in the next life.
Fathers in traditional Japanese familiesare typically strict and distant. Japanese college students in one study saidthey would tell their fathers just about as much as they would tell a totalstranger. The emotional and communication barrier between children and fathersin Japan appears very strong after children have reached a certain age.
Although there has been much talk about"family values" in the United States, the family is not a usual frameof reference for decisions in U.S. mainstream culture. Family connections arenot so important to most people. Dropping the names of wealthy or famous peoplethe family knows is done in the United States, but it is not viewed positively.More important is a person's own individual "track record" ofpersonal achievement.
Thus, many cultural differences exist infamily structures and values. In some cultures, the family is the center oflife and the main frame of reference for decisions. In other cultures, theindividuals, not the family, is primary. In some cultures, the family'sreputation and honor depend on each person's actions; in other cultures,individuals can act without permanently affecting the family life. Somecultures value old people, while other cultures look down on them.
(Adapted from R. L. Oxford & R. C.Scarcella, "A Few Family Structures and Values Around the Globe")
Outline | Supporting details |
52 {#blank#}1{#/blank#}A to family structure | Family structure is of great 53 {#blank#}2{#/blank#}A in different cultures. Children raised in a family will gradually learn how to 54 {#blank#}3{#/blank#}A in a way which is acceptable in their culture or setting. 'Many cultural differences 55 {#blank#}4{#/blank#}A from family structures. |
Examples of Asian families | Traditional Asians 56 {#blank#}5{#/blank#} A their lives around family. Not only the individual but the family is to57 {#blank#}6{#/blank#}A for any wrongdoings. O In China, parents' sacrifices will probably58 {#blank#}7{#/blank#}off when children grow up. Children will also provide for the elders. O In Vietnam, it's not from the personal desires but from family considerations that decisions or actions are done. In Japan, children are 59 {#blank#}8{#/blank#}A to share their emotions with father, thus making communication difficult. |
Examples of families in the USA | Americans don't lay much emphasis on family values. 60 {#blank#}9{#/blank#}A personal achievement is considered more important. |
Conclusion | Family structures and values 61 {#blank#}10{#/blank#}A in different cultures. |
Venus, the Wildest Adventure in 3016!
A trip to the moon, to Mars? You are out. Venus (金星) is your choice! Our spaceship carries you there at the speed of light!
Amazing Venus Facts
Temperature range: ALWAYS about 450 degrees Celsius. Great for barbecues!
Seasons: No seasons. Always visit during best season!
Gravity strength: 0.91 of Earth's gravity. Makes you lighter and more alive than ever!
Water: NONE. All boiled away.
Day length: 1 day=243 Earth days. Longest days in solar system» so fun never ends!
Rate of turning: 0.002 km/second. Turns in opposite direction of the earth, so able to see sun rise in the west and set in the east.
Year length: 1 year=224.7 Earth days or 0.62 of an Earth year.
Rate of revolution: 35.03 km/second.
Atmosphere:
Very thick.
96% carbon dioxide; 3% nitrogen, and 0.1% water vapor.
Can't support life: Suffocating carbon dioxide, thick clouds of sulfuric acid, and gases create greenhouse effect so very hot and no water.
* Your Accommodations * ◎ You will travel on a high-tech rocket ship that will transport you from Earth to Venus in a mere 2.4 minutes by traveling at the speed of light. This trip will cost only $ 750,000. ◎ Our two hotels are very luxurious and are super strong, allowing you to lie on the ground without being crushed by the pressure of the atmosphere. They are called Venus Heaven and Rocket Palace, and the cost to stay is only $ 200 per night. You'll get your money's worth at these two hotels, receiving free meals every day. To book a trip, call 1 — 800. |
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