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题型:阅读理解 题类:常考题 难易度:普通

山东省淄博市2019-2020学年高二上学期英语期中考试试卷

阅读理解

    It's not often sunny in Paris, but people still love to walk along the bank of the Seine. They love the view of the city's old buildings, especially Notre Dame Cathedral, with its iconic spire (标志性塔尖).

    Unfortunately, that view has been forever changed. On April 16 a fire destroyed the spire of the 850-year-old wooden Notre Dame Cathedral built in 1163, and two-thirds of the roof.

    The fire shocked and saddened Parisians. Citizens gathered around the giant church, singing hymns (赞美诗) and praying for the hundreds of firefighters who fought the flames.

    "The importance of Notre Dame, not only to Catholics (天主教) but to all Parisians, cannot be underestimated (低估)," wrote French author Bernard-Henri Levy. "For many in France, it's more than a house of worship. It's a symbol of French culture, architecture and history."

    The church is also home to many religious artworks, paintings and sculptures. Luckily, its world-famous colored glass windows survived the fire. These windows are made of many small pieces of glass and feature various Christian images.

    Despite its long history and many treasures, the Cathedral needed the help of a writer to become truly famous. Victor Hugo's 1831 novel, The Hunchback of Notre-Dame, presented the building to a wide audience of readers. The book's ugly lead character, Quasimodo, serves as a symbol for Paris' forgotten Gothic (哥特式的) architecture. Hugo wrote the book to remind people of it, with the hope that they would work to protect the beautiful old buildings of Paris

    French President Emmanuel Macron has promised to reconstruct the historic building. "Note Dame is our history, our literature and it's our imagery," he said in a public speech following the fire.

(1)、Which of the following is true about Notre Dame Cathedral?
A、It is a representative architecture of France. B、It is made of wood and metal. C、It is a place for entertainment. D、It will be rebuilt in a different style.
(2)、What makes the Cathedral known to the world?
A、Its famous spire. B、Its colored glass windows. C、Victor Hugo's novel. D、Religious treasures inside.
(3)、What's the writer's attitude towards the damage to the church?
A、Uncaring. B、Regretful. C、Negative. D、Optimistic.
举一反三
阅读理解

    On Monday, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention predicted that 42% of Americans could be overweight by 2030. Our expanding waistlines lead to not only a medical problem, but according to a recent article In The New York Times, it could also endanger personal safety in some situations—in an airplane crash, for example.

    The New York Times' Christen Negroni reports that engineers and scientists are questioning whether airplane seats are adequately constructed to protect overweight travelers. Government standards for airplane seat strength(强度)— first set moe than 60 years ago — require that the seats be made for a passenger weighing 170 pounds (77kg). Today, the average American man weighs nearly 194 pounds (88kg) and the average woman 165 pounds (75kg). Negroni reports:

    “If a heavier person completely fills seat, the seat is not likely to behave as intended during a crash,” said Robert Salazar, the leading scientist at the Center for Applied Biomechanics at the University of Virginia. “The energy absorption that is built into the aircraft seat is likely to be overpowered and the passengers will not be protected properly.”

    “Nor would the injury be limited to that passenger only,” Dr. Salzar said. “If a seat or a seat belt fails,” he said, “those people who are seated nearby could be endangered from 'the uncontrolled movements of the passenger'.”

    Most complaints about airplane seats focus on their lack of comfort and high ticket price, and whether overweight passengers should be made to buy two seats. But The New York Times' article brings up another reason to feel anxious about flying. Investigators of the issue got in touch with the airplane seat and seat belt makers, but they refused to comment on the problem. Experts agreed that crash testing should be done with overweight dummies (人体模型). Both airplane seats and seat belts should be tested, they said.

    Fortunately, however, according to Nora Marshall, a senior adviser at the National Transportation Safety Board, the board's investigators have never seen an accident involving a commercial plane in which the weight of a passenger was a problem.

根据短文内容,选择最佳答案,并将选定答案的字母标号填在题前括号内。

阅读理解

Dear Reader,

    Today I am going to ask you to support Wikipedia with a donation.

    Wikipedia is built differently from almost every other top 50 websites. We have a small number of paid staff,just twenty­three. Wikipedia content is free to use by anyone for any purpose. Our annual expenses are less than six million dollars. Wikipedia is run by the non­profit Wikimedia Foundation, which I founded in 2003.

    Wikipedia is driven by a global community of more than 150,000 volunteers — all devoted to sharing knowledge freely. Over almost eight years, these volunteers have contributed more than 11 million articles in 265 languages. More than 275 million people come to our website every month to access information,free of charge and free of advertising.

    But Wikipedia is more than a website. We share a common cause: Imagine a world in which every single person on the planet is given free access to the sum of all human knowledge. That's our commitment.

    Your donation helps us in several ways. Most importantly, you will help us cover the increasing cost of managing global traffic to one of the most popular websites on the Internet. Funds also help us improve the software that runs Wikipedia — making it easier to search, easier to read, and easier to write for. We are committed to increasing the free knowledge movement worldwide, by taking on new volunteers, and building strategic partnerships with institutions of culture and learning.

    Wikipedia is different. It's the largest encyclopedia (百科全书) in history, written by volunteers. Like a national park or a school, we don't believe advertising should have a place in Wikipedia. We want to keep it free and strong, but we need the support of thousands of people like you.

    Thank you,

Jimmy Wales

阅读理解

    Many people tend to complain about not having good friends in their lives. Sadly, they seem to think that their own company is not enough to make them happy. Nothing could be further from the truth though. In order to get along with others, the first thing you need to do is learn to get along with yourself. Only in this way will you succeed in developing healthy, solid relationships with others.

    Listen to your inner voice. Remember that inner voice that keeps whispering to you what you really want and need as well as what you do not really want and need. It is about time you started listening to it. In order to get to know yourself in depth, it is important to learn and accept what you want and what you do not want.

    Learn to enjoy your own company. You will be surprised to find out how many things you can do by yourself and actually have fun in the process. Reading romantic novels, poetry or science fiction is only a few of the things that you can do by yourself, which not only can offer you hours of enjoyment, but also the chance to get to know yourself better.

    Satisfy yourself. Pay special attention to your personal hygiene(卫生). Do your hair and nails often and experiment with new styles. Follow a healthy diet and exercise regularly to stay in good shape. No matter how busy your daily schedule is, always find at least an hour per day for yourself, when you can either relax doing absolutely nothing, or doing something that you enjoy most.

    Learn to respect your own boundaries. Find out what your boundaries are and learn to respect them. You are the only one who knows what you can accept and what you cannot.

阅读理解

    We spend a lot of time studying what we eat, but it turns out that when we choose to eat the very last meal of the day may also matter.

    Recent studies found that food was processed by the body in different ways depending on what time of day it's consumed. This might be because of physical activity, changes in body temperature, biochemical reactions and absorption and digestion of food.

    The best time to eat dinner depends on when you get up and go to bed, as well as if and when you eat your other meals. "Breakfast sets you up for success," Planells, a nutritionist, says. "If you don't eat breakfast, by lunchtime you're starving, and by dinner any healthy eating plans are out the window."

    Researchers also found that meal timing had an influence on human metabolism(新陈代谢). They studied a small group of people carrying extra weight and found that those who ate their last meal by mid­afternoon had increased fat burning at night.

    Eating early also seems to be the perfect time for blood sugar control. "Starting around 3 pm, blood sugar control is worse than it is in the morning, meaning that if you ate the same meal at 3 pm as you did for breakfast, your blood sugar levels would rise higher, despite the fact that you ate the same amount of food," Planells says.

    A 10­week study of "time­restricted feeding" looked at what happens to body fat when people limited their meals to a shorter window of time. Researchers found that people who ate breakfast 90 minutes later than usual and ate dinner 90 minutes earlier than usual lost more than twice as much body fat on average as those in the control group, who ate their meals as they normally would.

阅读理解

    Feelings often run high where insects are concerned, with many people even sick when seeing them, let alone touch or swallow them. And yet insects present a huge nutritional opportunity as an increasing global population seeks more sources of food and feed.

    Insects have generally high levels of animal protein and key micronutrients with lower environmental footprints than traditional alternatives, and they can be raised on leftovers. But cultural, social and economic problems remain, reports an article published today in Nutrition Bulletin.

    “Insects present a nutritional opportunity, but it is unclear how their nutritional quality is influenced by what they are fed, "says Darja Dobermann, a researcher at the University of Nottingham.“In ideal conditions, insects have a smaller environmental impact than most traditional western forms of animal protein; less known is how to raise insect production while maintaining these environmental benefits.”

    “Studies overall show that insects could make valuable economic and nutritional contributions to the food or feed sys tems, but there are no clear regulations in place to bring insects into such supply systems without them turning into a more expensive version of poultry(家禽)for food,” says Dobermann.

    The article highlights how insects have been a source of food for hundreds of years in more than 100countries with over 2,000 species that can be eaten; in central Africa, up to 50% of dietary protein has come from insects, with their market value higher than many alternative sources of animal protein.

    Insects need to be large enough to make the effort of catching them worthwhile and easy to locate, preferably in predictably large quantities. They are consumed at various life stages, as raw, fried, boiled, roasted or ground food.

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