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On
July 20, 1969, Neil Armstrong became the first person to walk on the moon. The
space suit Armstrong wore on his lunar mission has come to symbolize courage
and human achievement. In 1971, the Smithsonian's National Air and Space
Museum(NASM), in Washington, D.C., acquired (获得) Armstrong's
suit. It stood proudly on display for visitors to admire, until there were
changes in the suit's appearance. "Over time, the suit started to show
signs of deterioration," Lisa Young said. Young is an objects conservator
(文物修复员) at NASM. It is her job to preserve(维护)historical and cultural objects.
"Plastics are tricky to
conserve," Young says. They tend to degrade (降解)over time. Neoprene is one type of plastic in Armstrong's suit. The
material can turn brittle and break into tiny pieces. This would ruin the space
suit. NASM, seeking ways to preserve this historical treasure, removed it from
display in 2006.
What causes plastic to degrade in the first
place? "Many things," Odile Madden says. Madden is a scientist in California. She explains
that sunlight, water, humidity, and dust can cause plastics to degrade.
"Some plastics will break down no matter what we do," Madden says.
Yet
history can still be saved. Scientists have found that storing plastics in
cooler temperatures, with lower humidity levels, can slow degradation. Young
says Armstrong's suit is currently in storage at a temperature of 63°F and a lower relative humidity of
30%. These conditions will be maintained when Armstrong's suit returns to a
museum display case in time for the 50th anniversary of the moon
landing.
Plastic
degradation affects art, too. Artist Claes Oldenburg created False Food Selection
in 1966.It consists of plastic food displayed in a wooden box. The plastic food
used to look real. Now, some of it has flattened and yellowed. Georgina Rayner
is a conservation scientist at Harvard Art Museums, in Cambridge. She says the artwork's wooden box
produces an acidic (酸的) gas that eats away at the
plastic. This speeds up the degradation process. But Rayner is motivated to
conserve this artwork and others like it. "Plastics are a part of our
history," she says. "It's important to preserve them so that future
generations can understand the journey we've taken."