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题型:阅读选择 题类:真题 难易度:普通


 Let's try doing the following experiment.

 What to do:

 Use string to hang a paper clip or other small object at about chest(胸部)level.

 Pick up a stick,such as a broom handle. Take three or four steps away from the paper clip.

Now close one eye and walk toward the paper clip. Try to touch it with the tip of the stick. If you miss,try again,still keeping one eye closed. Now try it with both eyes open and see if it's easier to do.

 How it works:

 In the experiment,you have to judge how far away the paper clip is. Your brain has several ways of doing this.

 One simple way depends on how much your eye has to focus(聚焦)itself. Using only one eye,most people will find it difficult to touch the paper clip on the first try,but the brain still gets some information about distance—though not much.

 Your brain can judge distance much better when you look at something with both eyes. In fact,your brain has more than one way to use both eyes in judging distance. For example,to see anything clearly,you have to make both of your eyes point at the object. When you look at a nearby object,your eyes turn inward. You can feel this happening if you look at the tip of your finger and move your finger toward your nose.

 Your brain gets information from the eyes about how much they are pointing toward each other. Using that information,the brain can tell how far away any object is,whether it is a basketball or a paper clip.

(1)、How many materials do we need at least to do the experiment?

A、Two   B、Three  C、Four  D、Five
(2)、The passage is mainly about that with eyes our brain can judge        .

A、how big an object is   B、how high an object is C、how far away an object is       D、how much information an object is
(3)、Which of the following is true according to the passage?

A、Our brain judges distance in one way when we use both eyes. B、Our brain cannot judge the distance of a small object but a big one. C、How much our eyes focus helps our brain judge the size of an object.            D、How much our eyes focus helps our brain judge the distance of an object.
(4)、From the experiment we can infer(推断)        .

A、with one eye we can see an object as clearly as we use two eyes B、our eyes turn towards the inside when we look at an object very near C、within 3 or 4 steps,the nearer an object is,the more clearly we can see it D、our brain can hardly get any information about distance when we use one eye
举一反三
根据短文内容,选择正确的选项。
   The world itself is becoming much smaller by using modern traffic and modern communication means(交流方式). Life today is much easier than it was hundreds of years ago, but it has brought new problems. One of the biggest is pollution. To pollute means to make things dirty. Pollution comes in many ways. We see it, smell it, drink it and even hear it.
   Man has been polluting the earth. The more people, the more pollution. Many years ago, the problem was not so serious because there were not so many people. When the land was used up or the river was dirty in a place, men moved to another place. But this is no longer true. Man is now slowly polluting the whole world.
   Air pollution is still the most serious. It's bad to all living things in the world, but it is not only one kind of pollution. Water pollution kills fish and pollutes drinking water. Noise pollution makes us become angry more easily.
    Many countries are making rules to fight against pollution. They stop the people from burning coal in houses and factories in the city, and from blowing dirty smoke into the air.
   The pollution of SO2 is now the most dangerous problem of air pollution. It is mostly caused by heavy traffic. It is certain that if there are fewer people driving, there will be less air pollution.
   The earth is our home. We must take care of it. That means keeping the land, water and air clean. And we must try to control the growth of population at the same time.

阅读材料,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

    Big data (数据) is a lot of sets of information that are put together so they can be used by a computer program. The computer program looks for different kinds of answers or patterns in the data. Big data can have different kinds of information from many sources, such as information that comes from schools, social media sites, companies, and governments. One set of data can have people's names and addresses. Another set can have what they like, where they go to school, and how much time they spend on the computer.

    Big data can be used in many ways. The government uses it to understand how many people travel on buses or trains. This information is then used to make bus or train systems better. Some schools use big data to understand which children may need extra help in class. The teacher can then give certain students more help or support so those students can succeed in school. Companies use big data, too. It helps them understand who buys their products. For example, one company uses weather data to see when people eat the most ice cream.

    Big data can be used for good reasons. Some hospitals use big data to predict if a baby who is born too early will get sick. The hospital can then take extra steps to take care of that baby so he or she does not get sick. Big data can also be used for bad reasons. It can be used to predict which kinds of people are likely to break the law or hurt others, even if they have not done anything wrong.

    How can big data be used for good and bad things? It is because the computer programs used to look at big data and understand it are written by people. People think a certain way. Because they think a certain way, they build a model of those ideas. These ideas are then used to look at the data. Sometimes, these ideas are helpful for people or businesses. Other times, bad ideas can cause problems for certain groups of people.

阅读理解

    Have you ever had trouble sleeping in a new place? Lots of people do. And now researchers from Brown University in Rhode Island think they know why. They found that one-half of the brain "remains more awake" than the other half when people are trying to sleep in a new place.

    The sleep findings were reported in Current Biology by Brown University. In their report, the researchers said many people report that they have a harder time sleeping the first night at a hotel or other places outside their home. They call it "first-night influence". "In Japan they say, 'If you change your bed, you can't sleep,'" said Yuka Sasaki, one of the report's writers. "You don't sleep very well in a new place. We all know about it."

    The researchers measured brain waves (测量脑波) for 35 volunteers over two nights in a laboratory. The two nights were a week apart(间隔).They found during the first night the left half of the brain was more active than the right half. This was during the first deep-sleep period, the researchers said.

    Sasaki said a lot of questions remain.

    Researchers did not keep measuring brain waves all night long. So, they don't know if the left half keeps "watch" all night, or whether it" works in shifts (轮换) with the right half later in the night" .They also do not know why the brain activity, at least during the first period of deep sleep, is always on the left half.

    For some, this research may be calming. It is good to know that our brain is "looking out for us" in a new place. But it may not help with sleep. That brain activity, at least according to this new research, makes it harder to get the sleep people need to wake up well rested in the morning.

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