Environmental protection is one of the hottest topics nowadays. It was also something that ancient Chinese paid great attention to. In fact, the world's earliest environmental protection idea, ministry （部门） and law were all born in China. How did the ancient Chinese protect the environment?

The world's earliest idea of "managing state affairs（政事）through environmental protection"

Xunzi, a famous thinker in the Warring States Period, came up with the idea of "managing state affairs through environmental protection". He wrote in his book that vegetation（植被）should be protected well by humans.

Guan Zhong, a government officer 400 years ahead of Xunzi, was also an environmental protection expert. He said "a king who cannot protect his vegetation is not doing a good job".

The world's earliest environmental protection ministry"

Nine ministries set up by Shim, an ancient Chinese emperor, included "Yu"（虞） , an environmental protection ministry. Hie first " Yu'' leader was Boyi, an environmental protection expert. He invented wells so people could drink clean water. He knew a lot about animals and also called for animal protection.

The world's earliest "environmental protection law"

Over 4, 000 years ago, Dayu, an ancient Chinese water-control expert and also an emperor, made a rule, not allowing people to cut down trees in March or catch fish in June, because it was the time when they grew quickly.

Almost 3,000 years ago, Tianlv, the first environmental protection law, appeared in Qin. It recorded many ancient environmental protection rules. Two of them were interesting: firstly, rivers should not be blocked（堵塞）; secondly, grass and trees should not be burned to be fertilizer （肥料）except for summer. The second one is inspiring even for today. It can help to keep air clean and fresh.

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Many people take running as a way to keep fit. They like to run in hot weather and enjoy the feeling of being wet through with sweat (汗) while running. Cold weather during winter months, with low temperatures and freezing cold winds, may keep people from running in the open air.

However, a new study shows that the drop in temperature is a good reason to run. In fact, running in cold weather helps improve one's performance. Many runners might find it easier to run in winter than in hot weather. The body needs less water on a cold day than in warm weather. In addition, lower temperatures reduce stress on the body. When you run in cold weather, your heart rate is lower.

John Brewer is a professor of applied sports science at St. Mary's University in London. For this study, he and other researchers put a group of people into a room where summer and winter weather conditions are recreated. The test subjects were asked to run 10,000 meters under both conditions and their biological measurements were recorded and studied.From the study, every movement runners make produces heat. The heat can be really damaging unless the body can lose it. One way in which people lose heat is by sweating. The body loses heat through sweat. The body also loses it by transporting the blood to the surface of the skin and it puts more stress on the heart, especially in hot conditions because it's much harder to lose heat when the outside environment is warm. As the result shows, running in hot temperatures results in 6 percent higher heat rates.

When running in cold conditions, the body does not have to work hard to move blood to the skin surface. Therefore, it requires less energy. The most important thing for people who run in cold conditions is to wear the right clothing. Keep as dry as possible when exercising in low temperatures. Wear warm and light clothing to keep sweat away from your skin. So don't let winter weather keep you indoors. Simply get ready for the low temperatures and start running.

Do you like taking a trip? Now many students like riding bikes to take a trip. But it may be dangerous. For your own safety (安全), do the following things. 

Wear a bike helmet because it can protect (保护) your head. Look for a helmet that is right for you. The best helmet can't protect you if it isn't right for you. 

Wear the right clothes. They can make you feel better. They can also protect you. Bright-colored clothes like white help people see you clearly--even in the nighttime. Don't wear dark-colored clothes like black or brown when you are riding a bike. 

Follow the rules on the road. Always ride on the right side of the road. Please first look behind you before you turn left or turn right. And don't ride too closely (接近) to the cars--the cars may stop and the door may open suddenly! Also, don't just listen to music when you are riding a bike. If you listen to music, you may not know there is a car behind you. 

If you follow these tips, you'll be safe riding on the road. 

Now the Internet has become an important part of our lives. What do you do on the Web? Here are some interesting and useful websites for you.

It is more than sixty years since the death of Lei Feng, and yet his spirit still influences Chinese young people. In fact, the wish to help others can always be found among common people. 

On September 5, 2022, when an earthquake hit Luding, Sichuan, a 28-ycar-old hydropower station (水电站) worker Gan Yu chose not to leave but stay at his workplace. saving villages from being damaged. People think he is a hero like Lei Feng. but he doesn't feel that he should be compared to the young hero. "Lei Feng is a role model to all Chinese young people. The things he did may seem small. but behind them was a great quality that we can all achieve." he said. 

Zeng Qiangfei, 24, is also from Sichuan. In 2013, when an earthquake happened in his hometown, he was studying in a middle school. Zeng remembered seeing rescuers (救援者) and volunteers gather there to help. When he grew up, he became a volunteer himself. After a terrible quake hit Turkey and Syria this year, he flew there to help. During the course, he always saw local people bowing quietly to volunteers like them. "I grew up listening to Lei Feng's stories. He is an excellent young man who tried his best to help others." said Zeng. 

This view is shared by a 56-year-old British man named James Elroy Edginton, who lives in Hunan. the hometown of Lei Feng. Working at a local college. Edginton volunteers to help students from poor families. and is warmly regarded as a "foreign Lei Feng". "I am glad to be connected with the spirit of Lei Feng. His qualities are borderless (无国界的) ." he said.