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题型:阅读选择 题类:常考题 难易度:普通

北京市人大附中九年级下学期英语限时练习(2)

阅读理解

    Art, as we know, is subjective. What one person considers a priceless masterpiece others might see as nothing more than a giant black square. But there's one very specific kind of painting that almost everyone sees the same way-the kind with the" "strange" eyes that seem to follow you around the room. So what causes this optical illusion (视觉错觉) and how do artists achieve this effect?

    It turns out, for even a moderately skilled artist, this effect isn't a difficult thing to achieve, In fact, the artists need to use a little illusion of depth, making the person depicted on the canvas appears somewhat 3D on a 2D canvas, and to adjust .the gaze (凝视) of the eyes so that they would be looking at someone standing right in front of the picture.

    So what exactly is going on here in our brains that then makes it seem like the eyes follow you even if you move away from being front and center? As demonstrated by a team of researchers from Ohio State University, as you move to the side, the "near? and "far" points of the 2D image don't really change. These near and far points are defined as visible points that, if the image was 3D, would appear nearest and furthest away from the viewer at a given angle.

    The idea is simple. No matter what angle you look at a paining from, the painting itself doesn't change. You're looking at a flat surface. The key is that the near points and far points of the picture remained the same no matter the angle the picture was viewed from. When observing real surfaces in the natural environment the near and far points vary when we change viewing direction. When we observe a picture on the wall, the visual information that defines near and far points is unaffected by viewing direction. Still, we willingly accept and interpret the thing in the painting as if it were a real object.

    Thus, because the perspective, shadows, and light on the painting don't change as you move around, if the eyes in the painting would be staring directly at the observer who is standing in front of the painting, it creates something of an optical illusion in your brain so that the eyes will continue to seem to stare at you as you move to the side.

    In contrast to the eyes following you trick, if the artist tweaks the painting a bit, for example the artist adjusts the gaze of the eyes so that the eyes are looking off somewhere else instead of directly looking at a potential observer, no matter where you stand, the eyes will never seem to be looking at you.

    The technique first began popularly showing up in art around the 14th century when the artist and architect Fillipo Brunelleshi introduced the art world to the idea of "linear perspective", being painting with the idea of everything in the picture converging (聚集) on a specific point on the horizon, creating the illusion of depth. Linear perspective, combined with skilled use of light and shadow, allows artists to create masterfully realistic paintings, including sometimes of people that stare at you creepily no matter where you stand.

(1)、What's the writer's purpose of writing Paragraph 1?
A、To lead in the question why staring eyes seem to follow us in a painting, B、To make a comparison between a priceless masterpiece and a black square. C、To introduce the topic that the optical illusion can make the painting look real. D、To prove that people can think alike when they admire a certain kind of painting.
(2)、What can we learn from the passage?
A、The visible points of the image won't change in the natural environment. B、The near and far points of a painting are affected by our viewing direction. C、The viewing direction of viewers can make the image in the painting look teal D、The optical illusion in our brain makes us feel the eyes in the painting staring at us.
(3)、The 3rd paragraph is mainly about __________.
A、who took part in the research. B、how long the research lasted. C、what was found in the research, D、how the research was performed.
(4)、What's the meaning of the underlined word "tweak" in the passage?
A、change B、decorate C、move D、turn
举一反三
根据短文内容选择正确答案。

     Grace, usually known as the Home of Microsoft, is inside an office building in Redmond, Washington. Once you come into the building, you will feel that you're in a modern and future home.

      When you enter the building, Grace's voice, coming from a hidden speaker, tells you your messages. In the kitchen, you set a bag of flour(面粉) on a flat stone table. Grace sees what you're doing and makes a menu of flour-based foods on the table. Once you choose one, Grace gives you ingredients(配料).

There's also a notice board in the kitchen made of “intelligent(智能的) cloth” that works like a touch screen computer. You can deal with postcards and invitations and surf the net with the touch of a finger. The invitations could be encoded(编码). You can deal with them on the computer. It's part of Microsoft's Smart Personal Objects Technology, whose aim is to make every object more efficient(有效率的).

      “The day when your house becomes a member of your family is not far,” says Pam Heath, a manager of Microsoft. At the Andersen Windows Company, Jay Libby imagines that windows made of intelligent glass can be changed into TVs.

      “Nobody wants a television set,” says Libby. “What you want is the service it provides.” If the TV isn't improved, it will disappear in the future.

Home entertainment is one consideration for the future. At the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta, scientists are designing systems that will allow old people to live better on their own. So Grandma's home can be cleverly designed to recognize(识别) her ways of waking, sleeping and movement. Family members will be told any change by their computers.

阅读理解

    This week is Computer Science Education Week. During the week, students around the world will be taking part in an "Hour of Code" and learning a little about programming computers. This year, there will be more than 200.000 events in over 180 countries.

    The U.S. Congress first created Computer Science Education Week in 2009 to remember Grace Hopper, one of the women who played an important part in the early days of computers.

    Hadi Partovi came up with the idea of the Hour of Code. He thinks coding is an important skill and that it's important for schools to teach computer science. He started the Hour of Code in 2013 because he was worried that computer science was not a big part of what schools taught in most states.

    To spread his idea, he got the help from many famous people. Some were famous for working with computers, like Bill Gates. Others were famous in other areas. Mr. Partovi got a lot of money for his idea from big companies like Facebook. Google, and Microsoft.

    Students who take part in the Hour of Code complete a short coding challenge that is broken down into small, simple steps. The challenge is supposed to take about an hour in all.

    To raise the interest of students, the challenges are often tied in with popular movies or games. For example, challenges have been built around Angry Birds. Mine Craft. Frozen. and Star Wars—One test of the program's success is whether students keep going once the time is up. It turns out that many of them do. Last year, teachers reported that 92% of their students coded for more than an hour.

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