题型:阅读选择 题类:常考题 难易度:困难
北京市2019年九年级下学期英语限时练习测试卷
It took 13 years of international effort to map the human biological blueprint of all the genes (基因) that make us different people. The first rough draft (草图) made in 2000. The last of our 23 chromosomes (染色体) was clearly described in 2006. Ever since then, the age of personal genetic testing has been upon us. Since that time, a growing number of private companies have come on the market mostly through the Internet, offering to scan your personal DNA and compare it to some disease markets of the blueprint, called DTC genetic tests.
But over the last five years the medical world has been discussing excitedly about whether these DTC tests are helpful or harmful, scientifically believable or completely useless. One of the usual criticisms (批评) is that the science is so new that no one really knows yet how to explain the information.
"At present they largely remain in the period of research studies," notes Dr. Greg Ferro, special advisor to the director of genomic medicine at the US National Human Genome Research Institute. Ferro says there are two reasons." The first is that when they offer a test, are they really checking what they should check? And then the next is that even if it is believable, does what the test is checking really mean anything to your health?"
Other worries include the privacy of the results and how your personal genetic information might be used by insurance (保险) companies to refuse your insurance or your boss to dismiss you. Or you could learn information with a huge social or personal impact (冲击), such as finding out that genetically you cannot possibly be the father of your child. It can also give you risks that may break your life, such as whether you are at high risk of cancer, Parkinson or other terrible diseases.
Criticisms over the tests are such that some countries, such as Germany, have banned them. In 2011, some scientists advised the US government that most tests should be done under the guidance of medical professionals (专家). The UK government also expressed its worries about DTC genetic tests and in August 2010 made a set of rules to guide the development of genetic tests.
In 2011, three medical researchers published a review article in the International Journal of Clinical Practice, saying that such tests offered more risks than benefits. The most important reason is that the tests might create worries or unreal results or drive unnecessary medical treatments. They also noted some of the genetic information the tests are based on at present is far from being perfect.
Different countries have different greeting customs(习俗). Now let's read this article to know more about the greeting customs in different cultures.
France French people greet each other with a handshake, but close friends kiss each other on both cheeks(面颊) when they meet. They do this when meeting and before leaving. |
Korea In Korea, it is a sign of respect for people to bow when greeting each other. In Korea, a bow is followed by a handshake. However, Korean women do not shake hands with Western men. Instead, they bow slightly (稍微). |
Brazil Kissing women on the cheek is a common way of greeting. In a formal situation, a handshake is often done to show respect. Men should shake hands before and after meeting, and once they have become familiar (熟悉的) with each other, a light hug(拥抱) is often given to each other. |
Ghana In a social situation, it's polite to greet everyone in the room. A handshake is used in greeting, and the palm(手掌) must directly touch the palm of the other. It's considered impolite to touch the back of the hand. |
help, learn, sentence, nervous, join |
Li Na: Hi, Wang Peng. How was your first week in junior high?
Wang Peng: Hi, Li Na. I was a bit {#blank#}1{#/blank#}.
Li Na: Why?
Wang Peng: Because we have more things to learn now. What should I do with my time?
Li Na: Well, in junior high, you need {#blank#}2{#/blank#} to make plans.
Wang Peng: Yes, that's very important.
Li Na: Besides, you also have to write down important words and {#blank#}3{#/blank#} and remember them. This {#blank#}4{#/blank#} you learn English well in the future. How about {#blank#}5{#/blank#} an English club?
Wang Peng: Good idea! Thanks a lot, Li Na. I hope I can do well in my study in junior high.
Li Na: Good luck.
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