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题型:完形填空 题类:真题 难易度:困难

2019年高考英语真题试卷(全国Ⅰ卷)(含听力音频)

阅读下面短文,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

    Every year about 40,000 people attempt to climb Kilimanjaro, the highest mountain in Africa. They 1 with them lots of waste. The 2 might damage the beauty of the place. The glaciers(冰川)are disappearing, changing the 3 of Kilimanjaro.

    Hearing these stories, I'm 4 about the place — other destinations are described as "purer" natural experiences.

    However, I soon 5 that much has changed since the days of disturbing reports of 6 among tons of rubbish. I find a 7 mountain, with toilets at camps and along the paths. The environmental challenges are 8 but the efforts made by the Tanzania National Park Authority seem to be 9.

    The best of a Kilimanjaro 10, in my opinion, isn't reaching the top. Mountains are 11 as spiritual places by many cultures. This 12 is especially evident on Kilimanjaro as 13 go through five ecosystems(生态系统)in the space of a few kilometers. At the base is a rainforest. It ends abruptly at 3, 000 meters, 14 lands of low growing plants. Further up, the weather 15 — low clouds envelope the mountainsides, which are covered with thick grass. I 16 twelve shades of green from where I stand. Above 4, 000 meters is the highland 17: gravel(砾石), stones and rocks. 18 you climb into an arctic-like zone with 19 snow and the glaciers that may soon disappear.

    Does Kilimanjaro 20 its reputation as a crowded mountain with lines of tourists ruining the atmosphere of peace?I found the opposite to be true.

(1)
A、keep B、mix C、connect D、bring
(2)
A、stories B、buildings C、crowds D、reporters
(3)
A、position B、age C、face D、name
(4)
A、silent B、skeptical C、serious D、crazy
(5)
A、discover B、argue C、decide D、advocate
(6)
A、equipment B、grass C、camps D、stones
(7)
A、remote B、quiet C、all D、clean
(8)
A、new B、special C、significant D、necessary
(9)
A、paying off B、spreading out C、blowing up D、fading away
(10)
A、atmosphere B、experience C、experiment D、sight
(11)
A、studied B、observed C、explored D、regarded
(12)
A、view B、quality C、reason D、purpose
(13)
A、scientists B、climbers C、locals D、officials
(14)
A、holding on to B、going back to C、living up to D、giving way to
(15)
A、changes B、clears C、improves D、permits
(16)
A、match B、imagine C、count D、add
(17)
A、village B、desert C、road D、lake
(18)
A、Obviously B、Easily C、Consequently D、Finally
(19)
A、permanent B、little C、fresh D、artificial
(20)
A、enjoy B、deserve C、save D、acquire
举一反三
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。

It is a truth universally acknowledged that statues of public figures are hated by everyone, except perhaps their creators and, hopefully, their subjects, if they're still alive to see them. Jane Austen—the author of Pride and Prejudice—will of course not be around when, or if, the statue in memory of her 250th birthday is built at Winchester Cathedral next year, but according to Jane Austen Society vice president Elizabeth Proudman, the author would not have approved of the proposal anyway. "She is known to have been a modest woman who avoided publicity."

Similar views were aired at a public meeting last week, in which local residents raised concerns that an Austen statue would lead to the "Disneyfication" of the sacred Cathedral. It is no disrespect to the statue's creator — Martin Jennings to say that it's difficult to imagine crowds of parents being woken up on the first day of the summer holidays by their screaming six-year-olds begging to be driven down the Cathedral to catch a glimpse of Austen in the bronze.

Winchester's is not the first wrangling over a celebrity sculpture in recent years: when the sculpture of Mary Wollstonecraft, the greatest feminist thinker of the 18th century, was on show, it was laughed at as a tiny misshapen woman. The bust (半身像) of footballing Cristiano Ronaldo was revealed at Madeira airport in 2017, which some commentators observed looked more like the former F1 star David Coulthard. To his credit, the bust's creator, Emanuel Santos, defended himself admirably, saying "Even Jesus did not please everyone."

When Auguste Rodin's ogreish (妖魔似的) Monument to Balzac went on display in Paris in 1898, it caused such dislike that it was rejected by the very group that had approved it in the first place. Yet by 1969 Kenneth Clark had declared it "the greatest piece of sculpture of the 19th century". And you can still see it standing in the most visible place in the Musée Rodin's gardens today. Perhaps there's a lesson in that for all the maligned (诽谤) sculptors around the world: just wait 70 odd years and things will blow over. Perhaps by the year 2095, Austen, Wollstonecraft and Ronaldo will be standing toe to toe, bringing glory to some greatly-admired galleries. Or, as someone wisely remarks, "time will explain."

     阅读短文, 回答问题

"Tear them apart!""Kill the fool!""Murder the referee (裁判)!"
    These are common remarks at various sporting events.Although they may sound innocent, they influence behavior in such a way as to lead to real bloodshed.Essays have been written about the way words affect us.It has been shown that words having certain connotations (含义) may cause us to react in ways quite foreign to our usual behavior.Perhaps the time has come to remove it from sports words.
    The dictionary meaning of the word "opponent" is "enemy".Thus,when a player meets an opponent,he may tend to treat that opponent as an enemy.At such times,winning is the only goal, and every action, no matter how violent or rude,may be considered reasonable.I recall an incident in a handball game when a referee refused a player's request for a time out for a glove change because he did not consider them wet enough.The player rubbed his gloves across his wet T-shirt and then shouted,"Are they wet enough now?"I have also witnessed a player reacting to his opponent's illegal blocking by hitting him with the ball as hard as he could.Off the court,they are good friends.It certainly gives proof of a court attitude which differs from normal behavior.
    Therefore,I believe it is time we promoted the game to the level where it belongs by setting an example to the rest of the sporting world.Replacing the word "opponent" with "associate" could be an ideal way to start.The dictionary meaning of the word "associate" is "friend";"companion".Reflect a moment!You may soon see and possibly feel the difference in your reaction to the word "associate" rather than "opponent".

 阅读理解

Although a few recreational snowmobilers (驾驶摩托雪橇者) destroy ecosystems as they ride through the wilderness, most snowmobilers love and respect America's natural heritage. That's why they brave the cold to explore what is left of wild America — including Yellowstone National Park. Unfortunately these snowmobilers are unconsciously damaging what they love. Because snowmobiles in the park not only create both air and noise pollution but also strains (使紧张) the already tight budget of the park service, recreational snowmobiles should be banned from Yellowstone National Park.

It may be hard to imagine that about 1,000 snowmobiles a day could lead to air pollution in a park half the size of Connecticut, but in fact they can. In addition to polluting the air, snowmobiles are noisy, disturbing the peace and silence that park visitors have a right to expect. One study reports that twelve snowmobiles traveling together could be heard as far as two miles away. Such noise affects the park's wildlife.

Funds that should be used to preserve Yellowstone National Park and its wildlife have been used to deal with the snowmobile issue. Also, park rangers are spending an increasing amount of their valuable time policing snowmobilers, which takes away from park rangers' primary responsibility—preserving this country's treasured natural resources.

Opponents of a ban argue that a central mission of the park service is to provide access to national parks. Admittedly, winter access is important, but ordinary people can enjoy the park by means other than snowmobiles. Also, the park service's mission is not just to provide access to the parks; no less important is its mission to preserve the parks' pristine natural resources for future generations.

Even with a ban on snowmobiling in the park itself, the Yellowstone area would still earn the title of Snowmobiling Capital of America. All of the streets of West Yellowstone, the area's major town, are open to snowmobilers, and many trails run out of the town. As to Yellowstone National Park, a ban on snowmobiles would allow the park service to devote more of its limited resources to one of its primary missions: the protection of natural resources. Visitors would still be able to appreciate Yellowstone's beauty— its geysers, its wildlife, and its snow-covered vistas —throughout the park's long winter.

 阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。

The public footpath laid barely 20 meters from where I stood, promising a walk along the river, passing fields and through woodland, well away from any road. Yet there was something in my way—the River Thames.

I checked my map to see how to reach the path, but there was no other footpath that would lead me to the island on which it sat. It was only accessible by boat—kid's dream. Similar to a talent show, some performances are educational but mostly, they just make you laugh. Talent is irrelevant, and audience engagement through call and response is essential.

Away from phones and peers back home, social norms fade and space for self-exploration forms. Shy kids come out of their shells, and cool kids let_their_guard_down. They get to open up this door to a part of themselves that they wouldn't have felt safe to reveal at school or at home.

It's been a decade since my last performance as a camp counselor, and I never thought of skits from a skill-building perspective. But I now realize this rich camp tradition left a great impression on me. Through camp skits, I developed my sense of humor, built confidence in front of a crowd, and learned how to accept others for their quirks(怪癖).

Maybe we can make our schools or communities more like summer camps by bringing the silliness of skits into our families and classrooms to reconnect with ourselves and each other. The next time you're sitting around a campfire with friends and family, give it a try. Embrace the discomfort and invite your loved ones to join in on the improvising(即兴创作). And remember: the more funny noises and childlike humor, the better.

 阅读理解

The famous Spanish painter Pablo Picasso once said, "I am always doing that which I cannot do, in order that I may learn how to do it." It strikes a chord(引起共鸣) with me because that's exactly what I have been doing these years.

One of my earliest memories of doing before learning is baking scones(烤饼) when I was about 10 years old. I wanted to bake them to surprise my mother when she returned home.

Before that, I'd observed how my mother baked them many times. As I started to try, I didn't know I shouldn't handle the dough(面团) with my hands too much once I'd added the baking powder(发酵粉). However, I knew exactly how to roll out the dough and use a cookie cutter to cut the scones, because my mom had already taught me.

By the time my mom arrived home, the smell of freshly baked scones welcomed her into the kitchen. They were close to perfection—flat, as a result of overhandling the dough, but they tasted OK. My mom sweetly praised me for my attempt, rather than scolding me for the state of the kitchen, which was like a tornado had just blown!

Have my attempts always been successful? I wish! Some of my kitchen disasters were so terrible that even the dogs wanted nothing to do with them. My gardening failures didn't live to see another season.

But my habit of doing before learning is still helpful. Whatever new software I have to learn how to use, I do so by simply starting to use it. I do, learn, and improve. So if you ask me whether I regret that I tend to do first and learn later, I'd say I don't, because what I have discovered from those is the wisdom to know when it's OK to do and then learn, and when it's probably better to learn and then do!

阅读下面短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

I'm a fan of people sharing their personal stories. Hearing people's stories is a source of constant 1 for me to write. Yet, when it comes to telling my personal stories, I often 2 to find my voice and courage.

As a shy person, talking about myself makes me feel 3 . It requires a lot of mental 4 for me to feel okay sharing my stories and I also think I don't have stories worth 5 .

As I wrote in a blog post a few weeks ago, it becomes increasingly important for me to be an authentic (真实的) self. So I 6 to take a big leap (跳跃) and share something deeply personal in my weekly newsletter. I wrote about my struggle with procrastination (拖延症) and my 7 to finish my book.

I was nervous to 8 that email. But I decided it was something I wanted to be 9 about with everyone. Several hours later, I received dozens of heart-warming 10 . Many people said they were 11 reading my book. What was even more touching were emails from people who shared their own struggles with procrastination and writing. Over the Internet, across the miles I had the chance to connect with total 12 with the same problem as me. By telling our story, we 13 ourselves from those binds (束缚) and give rise to an opportunity of connection. I feel a stronger 14 to share my stories in the most authentic ways possible, even if it's online 15 .

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