Just How Buggy is Your Phone?

    What item in your home crawls with the most germs? If you say {#blank#}1{#/blank#} toilet seat, you're wrong. Kitchen sponges top the list. But cell phones are pretty dirty too. They contain around 10 times as many germs as toilet seats. People touch their phones, laptops, and other digital devices all day long, yet rarely clean them.

    In one incident, a thief paid a terrible price for stealing a germy cell phone. He stole it from a hospital in Uganda during a widespread of the deadly disease Ebola. The phone's owner reported the theft before {#blank#}2{#/blank#}(die)from the disease. Soon, the thief began showing symptoms and finally {#blank#}3{#/blank#}(confess)to the crime.

    {#blank#}4{#/blank#} in that unusual case a cell phone carried dangerous bacteria, not all germs are bad. Most cause no harm. In fact, they could provide helpful information. Look at the surface of your phone carefully. Do you see some dirty mars? “That's all you,” says microbial ecologist Jarrad Hampton-Marcell. “That's biological information.”

    It turns out that the types of germs that you apply all over your phone or tablet are different from {#blank#}5{#/blank#} of your friends and family. They're like a fingerprint that could identify you. Some day in the future, investigators may use these microbial fingerprints to solve crimes. Phones and digital devices may be one of the best places to look for buggy clues.

    In a 2017 study, researchers sampled a range of surfaces in 22 participants' homes, {#blank#}6{#/blank#} countertops and floors to computer keyboards and mice. Then they tried to match the microbial fingerprints on each object to its owner. The office equipment was easiest to match to its owner. In an {#blank#}7{#/blank#}(early)study, a different group of researchers found that they could use microbial fingerprints to identify the person who {#blank#}8{#/blank#}(use)a computer keyboard even after the keyboard sat untouched for two weeks at room temperature.

    One day, microbial signatures might show {#blank#}9{#/blank#} people have gone and what they have touched. They could prove {#blank#}10{#/blank#} an unmarked device is yours. So, sure, your phone is pretty germy. Does that inspire you, or does it just bother you?

    Should naps(小睡) actually{#blank#}1{#/blank#} (take) during the day? Well, we certainly know from{#blank#}2{#/blank#}(evident) in the sleep center and that of many other scientists that naps can give you benefits for both your brain{#blank#}3{#/blank#} your body. But naps can actually be{#blank#}4{#/blank#} double-edged sword because while we're awake during the day, we're building up sleepiness or sleep pressure. So when you try to fall asleep at night, you'll fall asleep quickly and then you'll stay asleep. And when we sleep, we actually release that sleepiness so that we wake up the next morning feeling{#blank#}5{#/blank#}(refresh).

    So if you take a nap during the day, especially if you take it too late in the afternoon, you will actually release some of that sleepiness and it will make it much{#blank#}6{#/blank#}(hard) to fall asleep and stay asleep soundly throughout the night. So the advice would be if you don't struggle with your sleep and you can nap{#blank#}7{#/blank#}(regular), then naps are just fine.

    But if you do find it difficult{#blank#}8{#/blank#} (fall)asleep or stay asleep at night, then you should avoid naps and try to build up that healthy sleepiness in the evening.

    The ideal nap depends on{#blank#}9{#/blank#} you want from that nap. Different stages of sleep actually give you different types of brain and body{#blank#}10{#/blank#} (benefit).

    Cell phones can be life-saving communication tools to have on hand in a vehicle in case of emergency. {#blank#}1{#/blank#}, actually using a cell phone while driving may be life threatening. Many different studies have shown that when drivers use a phone while driving, it can be very {#blank#}2{#/blank#} (danger). At some point during the use of a cell phone, a driver's eyes are sure to be distracted from the road.

    Studies have shown that new drivers are especially likely {#blank#}3{#/blank#} (have) an accident when they use a cell phone while driving. The reason for this is {#blank#}4{#/blank#}new drivers have less experience in focusing {#blank#}5{#/blank#}driving during distractions. Also, several studies {#blank#}6{#/blank#} (do) on teen drivers found that many teens send text {#blank#}7{#/blank#} (message) while driving, which is thought to be more distracting and at risk.

    All drivers, not just teens or other new drivers, who use a cell phone while driving {#blank#}8{#/blank#} (say) by studies to be at least four times {#blank#}9{#/blank#} (much) likely to be at risk than drivers who don't use a phone behind the wheel. Such studies have inspired many countries, {#blank#}10{#/blank#} (include) the United States, to have at least some bans on hand-held cell phone use while driving. However, many people feel that these restrictions are not enough because studies have also shown that hand-held cell phones are just a part of the problem.

    Raron Weaver was born on April 14^th, 1998 with only his left eye. It was very likely that this disability would come with brain damage. The chances are {#blank#}1{#/blank#} he would have brain damage, yet he didn't. He went through 25 operations and {#blank#}2{#/blank#} (receive)a false eye.

    When he was in the 4^th grade he dreamed of {#blank#}3{#/blank#}(become)a writer and he carried that dream with him throughout his life. However, he faced a great many {#blank#}4{#/blank#}(difficulty).

    From his first day of preschool to his last day of high school, he was looked at{#blank#}5{#/blank#}(strange)by others. People would call him names like "cyclops(独眼龙)" and would tell him that he was {#blank#}6{#/blank#} mistake. Along with this, suffering from obsessive compulsive disorder(强迫症)made it difficult for him{#blank#}7{#/blank#}(do)normal activities.

    In 2016 he graduated from high school with the support of a loving family {#blank#}8{#/blank#} the help of teachers and friends. He began to write a book and a year later he completed his book. In late2017 The Human Apocalypse{#blank#}9{#/blank#} (publish) and it is now being sold through several {#blank#}10{#/blank#}(difference) ways.