试题

试题 试卷

logo

题型:阅读理解 题类:常考题 难易度:普通

安徽师范大学附属中学2018-2019学年高二下学期英语期中考试试卷

阅读理解

    Have you ever pressed the pedestrian button at a crosswalk and wondered if it really worked? They're called "placebo(安慰剂)buttons"一buttons that mechanically sound and can be pushed, but provide no functionality.

    In New York City, only about 100 of the 1, 000 crosswalk buttons actually function. Crosswalk signals were generally installed before traffic jam had reached today's levels.

    But while their function was taken over by more advanced systems—such as automated lights or traffic sensors — the physical buttons were often kept, rather than being replaced at further expense. Other cities, such as Boston, Dallas and Seattle, have gone through a similar process, leaving them with their own placebo pedestrian buttons. In London, which has 6, 000 traffic signals, pressing the pedestrian button results in a reliable "Wait" light. But that doesn't necessarily mean that the "green man"— or "pedestrian stage" in traffic signal design profession — will appear any sooner.

    "We do have some crossings where the green light comes on automatically, but we still ask people to press the button because that enables accessible features,'' said Glynn Barton, director of network management at Transport for London.

    These features, such as blind tracks and hearable traffic signals, help people with visual disorder cross the road and only function when the button is pressed. As for the lights, a growing number of them are now combined and become a part of an electronic system that detects traffic and adjusts time frequency accordingly (giving priority to buses if they're running late, for example), which means that pressing the button has no effect.

    According to Langer, a Harvard psychologist, placebo buttons give us the illusion (错觉)of control — and something to do in situations where the alternative would be doing nothing. In the case of pedestrian crossings, they may even make us safer by forcing us to pay attention to our surroundings. "They serve a psychological purpose at the very least," she added.

(1)、Why are the physical buttons still kept in some cities?
A、Because it may cost money to replace them. B、Because they remain as memories of a city. C、Because do have real functions in traffic. D、Because they can result in reliable lights.
(2)、Which of the following word can replace the underline word "features" in Paragraph 4?
A、Functions. B、Uses. C、Equipment. D、Facilities.
(3)、If you pressed a "placebo button" in London, what would happen?
A、All traffic would be affected. B、Some kind of sound might appear. C、Pedestrians came first to cross the road. D、"Green man" were bound to show up earlier.
(4)、What can we know about "placebo buttons" from Langer's words?
A、They can really control traffic. B、They serve little functions. C、They may work mentally. D、They can help the blind.
举一反三
阅读理解

    Do you find yourself reaching for just one more cup of coffee to get through the day?Are you tired of being tired?Instead of relying on things like coffee or sugar for energy,get happy by eating more foods that give you energy through nourishment.Here are four foods that can help improve your energy levels.

    Hemp Seed

    A complete protein,rich in fiber and omega-3s,hemp is a great low-glycemic(低胰岛素)addition to any diet.The glycemic index (GI) is a measurement of how fast the carbohydrates in food are broken down into glucose(葡萄糖)and how much it will affect your blood sugar.Fiber,fat and protein all lower the GI of a food,which is why hemp seeds (along with nuts,seeds,whole grains and legumes) are low-glycemic.Look for hemp seed oil for salad dressing,and hemp seeds to be added into salads.

    Soaked Almonds

    Raw almonds are nutrient dense,and soaking them releases(释放)higher nutrition potential.Soaking increases vitamin levels and removes the enzyme(酶)inhibitors that slow down digestion.I soak my almonds in water overnight (at least eight hours) and then dry them.

    Quinoa

    It is 20-percent protein,making it a balanced source of carbohydrates.Even though you feel like you're too busy to make home-made meals,quinoa is a fast food that cooks in less than 15 minutes.

    Green Tea

    Caffeine from green tea feels steadier and less sharp than the spike and crash with caffeine from coffee.This is likely because green tea contains L-theanine,a kind of acid found in tea that helps promote relaxation.      .

阅读理解

    University Room Regulations

    Approved and Prohibited Items

    The following items are approved for use in residential rooms: electric blankets, hairdryers, personal computers, radios, televisions and DVD players. Items that are not allowed in student rooms include: candles, ceiling fans, fireworks, waterbeds, sunlamps and wireless routers. Please note that any prohibited items will be taken away by the Office of Residence Life.

    Access to Residential Rooms

    Students are provided with a combination(组合密码) for their room door locks upon check-in. Do not share your room door lock combination with anyone. The Office of Residence Life may change the door lock combination at any time at the expense of the resident if it is found that the student has shared the combination with others. The fee is $25 to change a room combination.

    Cooking Policy

    Students living in buildings that have kitchens are only permitted to cook in the kitchen. Students must clean up after cooking. This is not the responsibility of housekeeping staff. Kitchens that are not kept clean may be closed for use. With the exception of using a small microwave oven(微波炉) to heat food, students are not permitted to cook in their rooms.

    Pet Policy

    No pets except fish are permitted in student rooms. Students who are found with pets, whether visiting or owned by the student, will suffer an initial fine of $100 and a continuing fine of $50 a day per pet. Students receive a written notice when the fine goes into effect. If, one week from the date of written notice, the pet is not removed, the student is referred to the Student Court.

阅读理解

    Based on new analysis, we are rapidly approaching major climate change and the effects on society and the environment could be quite severe. Geographers predict that within the next eighty years, current world climate zones could shift and some could completely disappear. Polar regions will get colder while tropical regions will get even hotter, forcing animals to migrate  (迁徙) north.

    Climate changes like these could lead to the spread of diseases. Tropical storms and hurricanes will not only increase but may also become more intense. If the changes come too quickly, animal and plant species may not be able to adapt fast enough and could disappear.

    According to Science Daily, a new study predicts that by the year 2100, many of today's familiar climates will be replaced by climates unknown in today's world. It is urgent that we reduce the risks of these far-reaching consequences for the whole world. The planet itself has been showing signs of change. In 2004, a serious tsunami created by a major earthquake killed thousands in Sumatra and in 2008, thousands died in China because of another severe earthquake. Egypt was hit in 2009 with a major earthquake and Haiti was devastated in 2010 by yet another massive earthquake.

    Within just the last few months, new reports from around the world have been coming in and most agree that our climate situation is much worse than previously thought. At this point, it doesn't matter what is causing it, but rather, what can be done about it. What's more, our world is getting more and more unstable every year. There is war and threat of war everywhere. Natural disasters are becoming more frequent and serious.

    However, other planets are experiencing global warming as well as our own and some scientists believe there may be some connection between this. No one knows anything for sure at this point because there is simply not enough data.

阅读理解

    A new study shows students who write notes by hand during lectures perform better on exams than those who use laptops.

    Students are increasingly using laptops for note­taking because of speed and legibility(清晰度).But the research has found laptop users are less able to remember and apply the concepts they have been taught.

    Researchers performed experiments that aimed to find out whether using a laptop increased the tendency to make notes“mindlessly”by taking down word for word what the professors said.

    In the first experiment,students were given either a laptop or pen and paper.They listened to the same lectures and were told to use their usual note­taking skills.Thirty minutes after the talk,they were examined on their ability to remember facts and on how well they understood concepts.

    The researchers found that laptop users took twice as many notes as those who wrote by hand.However,the typists performed worse at remembering and applying the concepts.Both groups scored similarly when it came to memorizing facts.

    The researchers' report said,“While more notes are beneficial,if the notes are taken mindlessly,as is more likely the case on a laptop,the benefit disappears. ”

    In another experiment aimed at testing long­term memory,students took notes as before but were tested a week after the lecture.This time,the students who wrote notes by hand performed significantly better on the exam.

    These two experiments suggest that handwritten notes are not only better for immediate learning and understanding,but that they also lead to superior revision in the future.

阅读理解

It took multiple weddings for Christine Law to realize what she needed to do. In the summer of 2014, her schedule was packed with friends, marriage celebrations—flowers — filled occasions that got her thinking, “Where do all the flowers go after the party?” More often than not, they were thrown out. Law, then 27, was confident she could find a better use for them.

    By August, she had a plan: convince couples and companies hosting events to donate their flowers, which she would pick up and deliver within 48 hours to seniors across the city. She wanted to bring beauty into the lives of the elderly. She drew on her experience volunteering with non-profits in order to set up her own organization, which she called Floranthropie. Not having enough bouquets (花束) for all 150 people of a health center, Law asked the staff to provide a list of patients who needed cheering up most, “The first woman I approached thought it was a mistake, and that the flowers couldn't possibly be for her,” says Law. “I said they were a gift, and we talked for a half hour.”

    In addition to health centers, Floranthropie focuses on community groups devoted to the elderly. Theleme is a volunteer for Les Petits Fieres, an organization that aims to help the elderly who don't have a support system. The group receives a dozen or so bouquets from Floranthropie monthly, and then redistributes them. “Our motto is 'flowers before bread,” says Theleme. “We don't focus on primary care, but rather on nourishing (滋养) the spirit. Floranthropie helps that. It's amazing what a big difference a small bouquet can make.”

    In the beginning, most of Floranthropie's donations came through word of mouth. These days, Law receives messages from strangers via her organization's Facebook page and has connected with corporations and flower wholesalers. Law hopes to expand Floranthropie nationally, but at this point is happy to be able to oversee each delivery personally.

阅读理解

    When Jenny Benson was eight, her mother took her to soccer practice for the first time.

    "She's never played soccer before," Mrs. Benson told the coach." I'm not sure how she'll do."

    Jenny ran onto the field and joined the other players. Over the next hour, Mrs. Benson and the coach watched as Jenny out­ran many of the more experienced players.

    "I knew then that soccer would be Jenny's sport." Mrs. Benson recalls. And she was right.

    It may have helped that Jenny had spent much of her time trying to keep up with her three brothers." I wanted to be just like them," Jenny says." My family has inspired me for my entire life."

    Jenny has retired from the United States women's national soccer team. She started out on her professional career in the Philadelphia Charge, a team in the Women's United Soccer Association (WUSA).Later on, she joined FC Energy Voronezh, and then New Jersey Wildcats.

    When the WUSA was being formed, league officials watched many college soccer games, looking for players good enough to join the league. They were very interested in Jenny, who played for the University of Nebraska.

    "Throughout that college season, I knew I was being watched," Jenny says, "I knew I couldn't be perfect, so I just tried to be very consistent and have fun."

    As a professional, Jenny relied on her focused but fun­loving attitude. "In a game, I try never to put too much pressure on myself. The more I concentrate on having fun, the better I play." She says. "I have good and bad days, just like everyone else, but I know the sun will always come up after a bad day. So all I have to do is to adjust myself, either to the change of my inner feelings or to the change of circumstances. That helps me get through anything."

返回首页

试题篮