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  • 题型:阅读理解 题类:模拟题 难易度:普通

    阅读理解

        As the days get shorter and the chilly weather rolls in, we all want to curl up in a blanket and hibernate until spring rolls around. But making time to get outside in the sun, even when it's cold out, could have bigger mood benefits than you might realize.

        While the link between sunshine and mental health is nothing new, new research from Brigham Young University (BYU) has shown that the association may be even stronger than previously realized. It finds that sunlight exposure is by far the greatest weather-related factor determining mental health outcomes. In other words: more sunshine, more happiness.

        For the study, a psychologist, a physicist and a statistician from BYU teamed up to compare daily environmental data from the university's Physics and Astronomy Weather Station with emotional health data archived by day for 16,452 adult therapy patients who were being treated at the BYU Counseling and Psychological Services Center.

        Exposure to sunlight is a significant factor in seasonal affective disorder. Research has shown that the brain produces more of the feel-good neurotransmitter serotonin on sunny days than it does on darker days. What's more, lack of sunlight is linked with lower vitamin D levels, which in turn has been correlated with depression and low energy.

        If you're getting enough sun, your emotions should remain relatively stable, the researchers found. But as the amount of sunlight in the day is reduced, levels of emotional pain can soar. Other weather variables including temperature, pollution and rain were not found to have an impact on mental health.

        “We were surprised that many of the weather and pollution variables we included in the study were not significantly correlated with clients' scores on the distress measure once we had accounted for suntime," Dr. Mark Beecher, a professor of psychology at the university and the study's lead author, told The Huffington Post. “People tend to associate rainy days, pollution, and other meteorological phenomena with sadness or depression, but we did not find that.”

    (1)What does the author suggest we do in Paragraph 1?
    A . Realized the benefits of sunshine. B . Avoid hibernating in springtime. C . Curl up in a blanket in cold weather. D . Enjoy sunshine even in cold weather.
    【答案】
    (2)The underlined word "soar" in Paragraph 5 most probably means “            ”?
    A . Rise sharply. B . Vary unstably. C . Drop slightly. D . Change greatly.
    【答案】
    (3)What does the passage say about the research done by BYU?
    A . It is done on normal adults of various ages. B . It is carried out by Dr Mark Beecher alone. C . It concludes the sunshine means happiness. D . It finds that temperature affects mental health.
    【答案】
    (4)What can be inferred from the passage?
    A . Lower vitamin D levels are helpful in keeping us energetic. B . The research findings are inconsistent with the popular belief. C . The more sunshine we get, the less excited we are likely to feel. D . The link between sunshine and mental health was unknown before.
    【答案】
    【考点】
    【解析】
      

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    阅读理解

        Digital technology-email and smart phones especially-have vastly improved workers' ability to be productive outside of a traditional office. Even so, most white-collar work still happens in an office. One reason is that, according to findings of a new survey of office workers conducted by Wakefield Research for the IT company Citrix, most bosses arc doubtful about remote working. Half of the workers say their boss doesn't accept it, and only 35 percent say it's tolerated.

        Skeptical bosses will likely have their doubts reinforced (加深) by the same survey, which shows that 43 percent of workers say they've watched TV or a movie while “working” remotely, while 35 percent have done housework, and 28 percent have cooked dinner.

        It is true, however, that working at home makes people much more efficient (高效的), because it allows workers to take care of annoying housework while still getting their jobs done. It's much faster, for example, to shop for groceries at a quarter to three than to stand in line during the after-work rush.

        The fact that such practices remain officially unaccepted reflects how far we haven't come as a society from the days when we expected every full-time worker to be supported by a full-time homemaker.

        More broadly the Wakefield survey suggests that employers may be missing a low-cost way to give workers something of value. Sixty-four percent of those survey participants who haven't worked remotely would rather give up some bonus in order to get even one day a week working from home. Under such circumstances, smart firms need to find ways to let their employees have enough flexibility (灵活性) to manage their time efficiently.

    阅读理解

        Forcing waiters and waitresses to survive on tips from customers rather than normal wages is a pointless, crude, and unique American custom that, in the past several years, a handful of progressive restaurant owners have attempted to do away with. Danny Meyer, CEO of Union Square Hospitality Group, is about to join their ranks and has announced that he plans to gradually stop tipping at the company's 13 restaurants.

        What, exactly, is wrong with tipping? As Brian Palmer has explained, more or less it's everything. To start, leaving a waiter's pay in the hands of customers has a feeling of classism (阶级歧视). And in theory, handing restaurant customers the power to tip is at least supposed to motivate better service. This fails in practice because humans turn out to be pretty arbitrary (随意的) about their tipping behavior. Research has shown that the amount diners tip has very little to do with their level of satisfaction. All of this doesn't encourage waiters and waitresses to do anything but turn over as many tables as possible.

        Tipping is also very unfair to kitchen staff. The law allows restaurants to divide tips between front-of-the-house workers like waiters, hosts, hostesses, and bartenders (调酒师), but not cooks. This creates a system in which the people serving the food in a restaurant can earn more than the people preparing it.

        One of the most fascinating parts of Meyer's move is that, unlike some restaurant owners who have taken an anti-tipping stand, he won't simply add a standard extra charge to diners' bills. Rather, Union Square Hospitality Group means to raise menu prices enough to fully cover the cost of a meal. If Meyer manages to move away from tipping at all without hurting his profits, it would almost certainly set the stage for others to follow suit.

    阅读理解

        The Workshops Rail Museum

        Summer 2018-2019 Events

        Steam Train Sunday

        Sunday 2 December 2018

        10:15 am

        Travel back in time on a historic steam train.

        1-hour trip starts and returns to Roma Street station.

        Book early as these trips will set out.

        Book now at theworkshops.qm.qld.gov.au.

        Adults $29; concession(优惠) $26; children $16.

        Christmas Express

        Saturday 8 December 2018

        10 am

        Catch the Christmas spirit with a festival return steam train journey to historic Grandchester station. This 2.5-hour trip starts and returns to the Workshops Rail Museum.

        Add museum entry and make it a full day out.

        Book early as this trip will sell out.

        Book now at theworkshops.qm.qld.gov.au.

        Adults $55; concession $49; children $40.

        Museum Twilight Markets

        Friday 14 December 2018

        5 pm-9 pm

        Combining southeast Queensland's best handmade markets, food trucks, and live music, this is an event not to be missed.

        Entry $2; children under 15 years are free and must be accompanied by an adult.

        Museum Torchlight Tours $ 10; children under 15 years must be accompanied by an adult.

        Buy tickets at the door.

        Mephisto On Display Now

        See Mephisto, the only surviving German Sturmpanzerwagen A7V tank in the world. Recently returned from the Australian War Memorial in Canberra, see this beloved war tank while protection work is being done.

        Included in museum entry.

        Contact us

        North Street, North Ipswich

        Phone: (07)34325100

        Opening hours

        9:30 am to 4 pm daily

        Closed Good Friday, Anzac Day, Christmas Day and Boxing Day

        Tickets

        Entry                   Annual pass(年票)

        Adult                           $14.50                   $37

        Concession (with a

        Concession card)                  $12.50                   $32

        Child (ages 3-15)                  $11.50                   $24

        Child (under 3)                    Free                     Free

        Family                           $44.50                   $99

        2 adults and              2 adults and up to

        4 children                2 children

    阅读理解

        A small robot may help children who are recovering from long-term illnesses in the hospital or at home. These children may feel isolated from their friends and classmates. The robot takes their place at school. Through the robot, the children can hear their teachers and friends. They also can take part in class from wherever they are recovering.

        Anyone who has a long-term illness knows that recovering at home can be lonely. This can be especially true for children. They may feel left out. Now, these children may have a high-tech friend to help feel less lonely. That friend is a robot. The robot is called AV1. AV1 goes to school for a child who is homebound while recovering from a long-term illness. And the child's school friends must help. They carry the robot between classes and place the robot on the child's desk.

        A Norwegian company called No Isolation created the robot. The co-founders of No Isolation are Karen Dolva and Marius Aabel. Dolva explains how the robot AV1 works. She says, from home, the child uses an iPad or a phone to start the robot. Then they use the same device to control the robot's movements. At school, the robot becomes the eyes, ears and voice of the child.

        So, it sits at the child's desk in the classroom and the child uses an iPad or a phone to start it, control its movement with touch, and talk through it.

        The student can take part in classroom activities from wherever they are recovering — whether at home or from a hospital bed. The robot is equipped with speakers, microphones and cameras that make communication easy.

    阅读短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。

        Warford is an optometrist (验光师) in Florida. He has seen an increase in "computer vision syndrome (电脑视力综合症)"in children. "A lot more children come into the office either because their parents have noticed that they have headaches or red or watery eyes or discomfort, or because their nearsightedness appears to be increasing and they're worried," he says.

        Dr. Watford says part of the problem is that children may be more likely to pay no attention to early warning signs than adults. "Even if their eyes start to feel uncomfortable or they start to get a headache, they're less likely to tell their parents, because they don't want to have the game or whatever taken away," he explains.

        He says another part of the problem is that people blink (眨眼) less often when they use digital devices. He says, "A person who uses an electronic device blinks about one third as much as we normally do in everyday life. And that can result in the front part of the eye drying and not staying protected like normal."

        Eye doctors offer suggestions like the 20 /20 /20 rule. That means every twenty minutes look away twenty feet or more for at least twenty seconds from whatever device you're using.

        Other suggestions include using good lighting and spending less time looking at screens. Many experts say children should spend no more than two hours a day using digital devices—with no screen time for children under two.

        But not all eye doctors have noticed an increase in problems in children. Dr. David Hunter, for instance, says, "While it is possible to develop fatigue looking at screens for a long time, there's certainly no proof that it actually causes any damage to the eyes."

    阅读理解

    Unbelievable Stories of Animals Acting Just Like Humans

        ◆Horses are picky eaters

        Horses have an even better sense of smell than humans do. When horses raise their noses and open their nostrils (鼻孔) , their nervous system allows them to sense smells we can't sense. This might explain why they refuse dirty water and carefully move around meadows, eating only the tastiest grasses, experts say.

        ◆Whale says thanks

        In 2011, a whale expert spotted a humpback whale trapped in a fishing net and spent an hour freeing it. Afterward, in an hour-long display of thanks, the whale swam near their boat and leaped into the air about 40 times.

        ◆Pandas like to be naughty

        Is there anything more lovely than a baby panda, except maybe a human baby? In fact, baby pandas sometimes behave like human babies. They sleep in the same positions and value their thumbs. Pandas are shy by nature for its shy behaviors such as covering its face with a paw of ducking its head when confronted by a stranger.

        ◆A cat honors its owner

        Paper towels, and a plastic cup are just a few of the gifts that Toldo, a devoted three-year-old gray-and-white cat, has placed on his former owner Iozzelli Renzo's grave every day since the man died in September 2011. Renzo adopted Toldo from a shelter when the cat was three months old, and the two formed an inseparable bond. After Renzo passed away, Toldo followed the coffin to the cemetery, and now "stands guard" at the grave for hours at a time.

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