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题型:阅读理解 题类:常考题 难易度:普通

浙江省东阳高级中学2018-2019学年高二下学期英语开学考试试卷

阅读理解

    Few of us make money by losing sleep. But three graduate students at Brown University in Providence built a company around sleep deprivation(睡眠不足).

    Jason Donahue, Ben Rubin and Eric Shashoua were working late nights in Brown's business and engineering schools. They began thinking about ways to sleep better. They discovered they weren't alone in burning the midnight oil. Around 20% of Americans get less than six hours of rest a night.

    The friends imagined a smart alarm clock that could track how much time people spend in the most restorative(有恢复作用的) stages of the sleep cycle: REM (rapid eye movement) and deep sleep. What would it cost to design such a thing? Five years of research, 20 employees, $14 million and a whole lot of doubting from investors and scientists.

    Their company, Zeo, based in Newton, Mass, launched its product in June, 2009. The Zeo device uses a headband with tiny sensors(传感器) that scan your brain for signs of four sleep states-REM, light, deep and waking sleep. The smart alarm clock displays a graph of your sleep pattern and wakes you as you're not in REM sleep. In the morning you can upload the data to the company's Web site, and so track your sleep over time. Most of the feedback(反馈) comes in the form of Zeo's ZQ score showing how well you've slept.

    “Zeo allows people to unlock this black box of sleep,” says Dave Dickinson, a health-care CEO.

    Whether any of this actually improves sleep is up to the consumer, who will also need to make lifestyle changes like cutting out alcohol before bedtime or caffeine after 3 P.M.

    For now the company is selling Zeo online only. Dickinson also plans to spread it to countries such as Australia, where sleep deprivation approaches US levels.

(1)、Who will support Zeo?
A、People full of imagination. B、People suffering sleeping problems. C、People having access to the Internet. D、People having bad lifestyles.
(2)、Why did the three graduate students imagine a smart alarm clock?
A、To wake them up on time in the morning. B、To earn enough money for their study. C、To improve the quality of people's sleep. D、To enjoy their life while working at night.
(3)、To design the Zeo device, the three graduate students ____.
A、spent much time and money B、were widely supported by scientists C、worked by themselves all the time D、attracted many investors
(4)、What can we know from the passage?
A、Zeo has a direct effect on users' lifestyles. B、It needs more personal efforts to make Zeo function better. C、A large quantity of Zeo devices have been sold in Australia. D、Consumers can go to the Zeo company to purchase Zeo in person.
举一反三
阅读理解

    Before I studied psychology, I used to think that people would laugh when funny things occurred. While I was right about that, I discovered there are lots of other psychological factors that make people laugh other than the funny part of a joke. When someone laughs at a joke, there will usually bemore than one reason that makes him laugh—and the more reasons there are, the more powerful the joke will be.

    I was attending a stand-up comedy show in Egypt, and when the man started to make fun of pedestrians crossing streets, everyone laughed their hearts out. The main reason those people strongly laughed was that almost allof them felt angry towards pedestrians who crossed streets carelessly. The joke wasn't only funny, it also made the audience feel that they were right about being angry at those pedestrians. That is, people were laughing both because ofthe funny joke and because of the happiness experienced as a result of the psychological support they got.

    The better a joke makes a person feel, and the more it includes other psychological factors, the more the person will like it. For example, if you envy one of your friends, and someone tells a joke that is funny and, at the same time, makes your friend seem stupid, then you will probably laugh atit louder than if you weren't jealous of him.

    In short, we don't laugh only when we hear something funny; we also laugh when we experience some kind of happiness that results from the other psychological factors involved in the joke. I strongly discourage making fun of anyone or belittling someone to make someone else laugh. All Iwant to explain is that if your joke supports a person's emotions, he will certainly like it a lot.

阅读理解

    In our everyday lives we meet situations in which we take many things for granted(不去重视).We only treasure things when they are gone.This is a sad truth of human nature.One day,I found myself as a witness to a similar situation.

    One evening,I left work and boarded the train.After entering,I noticed something unusual.The center of the car had a few empty seats while both ends were crowded with people standing.I didn't pay much attention and sat down on one of the empty seats.I sensed a funny smell.It wasn't long before I noticed a homeless person sleeping on three seats in front of me.He was bleeding from his nose.Why wasn't anyone helping him?

    His clothes were torn and he was giving off a strange smell.Along with the smell,his eyes were dull,watery and red.Occasionally he scratched himself and people looked at him as if he had committed a crime.As the train stopped at stations and more people came in they covered their noses and faced away from him.All the seats around him were empty.

    Suddenly,he began to swear at the people around him.A plain clothes policeman who looked like a construction worker took out his certificate and showed it to the homeless man.The officer,not wanting to touch the homeless man, told him his rights and directed him to exit the train.As the officer walked the man out of the train,the homeless man turned around and said "MY HOME!" and started crying.

    A man doesn't value things until they are gone.If he didn't have a home,at least he had freedom.Now he has neither.No one wants to help someone who won't help himself.

阅读理解

    She sat at the picnic table alone. Recess(休息) was in full swing. She remained awkward around her classmates. She seemed unsure of what to do or say, yet I could see her eyes longing for acceptance. Many students had already decided that her friendship would not be worth the energy required to overcome the awkwardness. Others teased her. Most ignored her — except for one.

    Brianna, the class clown, was making the other students laugh, as usual. “Brianna, do you see Molly down there? Would you mind walking down there and inviting her to come up here with the rest of us?”

    Brianna sighed. I could tell she didn't want to sacrifice precious minutes of her own recess to do what I was asking of her, but I also knew her heart. She often thought of others before herself — a rare character for anyone, much less a kid.

    Knowing this choice was hard for her, I pulled out a D-buck, our class currency. Though bribery(行贿) was not the ideal way to handle this situation, I needed her cooperation.

    “Here, I'll pay you for your time.”

    She offered an insincere smile, grasped the green paper, and headed down the hill.

    As the rest of the children screamed and laughed, my eyes locked on Brianna as she neared the picnic table. Molly could be difficult, and I wouldn't have been surprised if she sent Brianna back alone, refusing her invitation. When she encouraged herself to a standing position, I sighed with relief.

    A minute later, 1 felt tap on my shoulder. “Here, Mrs. D.” She handed me the D-buck.

    “ Why?” I asked.

    “I shouldn't keep this.” Her eyes fell to her feet, guilt radiating from her quiet voice. “I don't want Molly to think 1 only went to get her so I could earn a muck. She's my friend.”

    A moment later, they were all laughing again, and who should I see among them, laughing for the first time that week? Molly.

阅读理解

    Many years ago, people relied on the sun, the moon and stars to find their way around. Later, the compass was introduced. And now, we have satnav(卫星导航)systems to guide us. A satnav system uses groups of satellites to show the user's location. They send information to a receiver, such as a smart phone, to show us where we are.

    The earliest built satnav system is the Global Positioning System, which belongs to the US. Then there is Russia's Global Navigation(导航)Satellite System, the European Union's Galileo and China's own satellite navigation system, BeiDou.

    On October 14, 2017, an ARJ21-700 plane, which was the first domestically-produced jet equipped with the BeiDou navigation system, successfully completed a test flight. The results showed the performance of the system developed by China matches that of similar systems produced abroad, according to the Commercial Aircraft Corporation of China.

    Since its introduction in 2000, the Beidou navigation system has seen increasing numbers of applications linked to everyday life, from shared bikes to farming.

    When it comes to shared bikes, smart locks that support BeiDou chips offer more accurate positioning than others, making it easier to find a bike.

    Farmers can use BeiDou-enabled tractors to plow(犁)the soil and use unmanned aircraft with BeiDou to sow seeds, which can improve efficiency and make better use of resources. BeiDou's farming applications have spread from Heilongjiang province to Beijing, Liaoning, Shanxi, Hubei and other regions across China.

    With its many uses, the Beidou navigation system is even playing a big role in the Belt and Road Initiative(— 带—路). “To date, the BeiDou system has covered most parts of the Asia-Pacific region, as well as counties along the Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road” said Yang Changfeng, Chief designer of the BeiDou system.

    Today, there are more than 20 BeiDou satellites above our heads, and China plans to launch even more this year to expand the BeiDou network to better serve the Belt and Road Initiative.

    “As BeiDou expands its overseas reach, it will be increasingly popular in the logistics (物流)industry,” said Miao Qianjun, secretary-general of the navigation services association. “Ships, for example, can use it to position themselves while sailing across oceans to European countries, no longer limited to Southeast Asian regions in the near future.”

 课文填空

What's In a Name?(课文P40-41)

The United Kingdom, Great Britain, Britain, England--many people are {#blank#}1{#/blank#} (confuse) by what these different names mean. So what is the {#blank#}2{#/blank#} (different) between them, if any? {#blank#}3{#/blank#} (get) to know a little bit about British history will help you solve this puzzle.

In the 16th century, the nearby country of Wales was joined {#blank#}4{#/blank#} the Kingdom of England. Later, in the 18th century, the country Scotland was joined {#blank#}5{#/blank#}(create) the Kingdom of Great Britain. In the 19th century, the Kingdom of Ireland was added to create the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. {#blank#}6{#/blank#}(final), in the 20th century , the southern part of Ireland {#blank#}7{#/blank#} (break) away from the UK, which resulted {#blank#}8{#/blank#} the full name we have today: the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. Most people just use the shortened name: "the United Kingdom" or "the UK". People from the UK are called "British", {#blank#}9{#/blank#} means the UK is also often {#blank#}10{#/blank#} (refer) to as Britain or Great Britain.

The four countries {#blank#}11{#/blank#} belong to the United Kingdom work together in some areas. They use {#blank#}12{#/blank#} same flag, known {#blank#}13{#/blank#} the Union Jack, as well as share the same currency and military {#blank#}14{#/blank#} (defend). However, they also have some differences. {#blank#}15{#/blank#} example, England, Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland all have different {#blank#}16{#/blank#} (educate) systems and legal systems. They also have their own {#blank#}17{#/blank#} (tradition), like their own national days and national dishes. And they even have their own football teams {#blank#}18{#/blank#} competitions like the World Cup!

The United Kingdom has {#blank#}19{#/blank#} long and interesting history to explore, {#blank#}20{#/blank#} can help you understand much more about the country and its traditions. Almost everywhere you go in the UK, you will be {#blank#}21{#/blank#} (surround) by evidence of four different groups of people {#blank#}22{#/blank#} took over at different times throughout history. The first group, the Romans, {#blank#}23{#/blank#} (come) in the first century. Some of their great achievements included {#blank#}24{#/blank#} (build) towns and roads. Next, the Anglo-Saxons arrived in the fifth century. They introduced the{#blank#}25{#/blank#} (begin) of the English language, and changed the way {#blank#}26{#/blank#} people built houses. The Vikings came in the eighth century, left behind lots of new vocabulary, and also the names of many {#blank#}27{#/blank#} (location) across the UK. The last group were the Normans. They {#blank#}28{#/blank#} (conquer) England after the well-known Battle of Hastings in the 11th century. They had castles {#blank#}29{#/blank#} (build) all around England, and made changes {#blank#}30{#/blank#} the legal system. The Normans were French, {#blank#}31{#/blank#} many French words slowly entered into the English language.

There is so much more {#blank#}32{#/blank#} (learn) about the interesting history and culture of the United Kingdom. Studying {#blank#}33{#/blank#} history of the country will make your visit much more {#blank#}34{#/blank#} (enjoy). The capital city London is a great place to start, as it is {#blank#}35{#/blank#} ancient port city that has a history {#blank#}36{#/blank#} (date) all the way back to Roman times. There are countless historic sites to explore, and lots of museums {#blank#}37{#/blank#} ancient relics from all over the UK. The UK is a {#blank#}38{#/blank#} (fascinate) mix of history and modern culture, with both new {#blank#}39{#/blank#} old traditions. If you keep your eyes open, you will be surprised {#blank#}40{#/blank#} (find) that you can see both its past and its present.

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