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题型:阅读理解 题类:常考题 难易度:普通

北京顺义区2019届高三上学期英语期末考试试卷

阅读理解

A Colourful Puzzle

    People often wear clothing with colours that express something about themselves. A happy person might choose to wear a bright yellow shirt. A swimmer might wear a sea-blue dress.

    Animals appear in different colours too, but they don't get to pick what they wear every morning. Scientists have known for a long time about some of the ways animal colouring can be beneficial. They know that some animals' colours attract mates or show who is boss. Other animals' colours blend(融合) in with their environment; thus the animals cannot be seen by their enemies. Still, scientists do not fully understand why blue jays are blue or why rainforest frogs are golden. Now many scientists are working hard to figure out the puzzles of animal colours.

    Part of the answer can be found in an animal's habitat, the place where it lives. It turns out that many animals — especially birds, fish, and reptiles — can see more colours than humans can. These creatures notice colours that stand out in their habitat. For example, forests are mostly green, brown, and yellow. For an animal to be seen by others of its species, it would have to be a different colour than its background. That explains why you can find birds of many shades of blue living in forests.

    Another piece of the puzzle lies in what an animal eats. Birds often eat things that have chemicals in them called “carotenoids”(类葫萝卜素). These chemicals are what make tomatoes red and bell peppers bright orange or yellow. When birds eat these foods, the carotenoids affect the colour of their feathers. For example, a cardinal's bright red feathers will become lighter or darker depending on how many berries it has found to eat.

    Some animals do not have any colour at all — but they are not just white; they are transparent(透明的)! Transparent animals live mostly in the ocean. This amazing wonder of nature came about because the animals needed a way to escape their enemies. They are often slow, defenseless creatures that would have no way of fighting back if larger animals wanted to eat them. Because there are few places to hide in the ocean, these creatures have to hide in plain sight. A good example of this kind of transparent creature is the jellyfish. A jellyfish's body is almost all water, so it is very hard to see it floating in the ocean.

    Animals come in all kinds of colours. Their colours are caused by many different factors, and most animals will remain the same colour for their whole lives. Think how lucky we are to get to change our feathers every day!

(1)、What is the main idea of this article?
A、Animals appear in many different colours. B、Animals are unable to choose their colours. C、Animals' colours are caused by different factors. D、Animals need colours to blend into their surroundings.
(2)、According to the passage, what is the reason that some animals are transparent?
A、It marks the places they live in. B、It shows the leader of the group. C、It helps them to escape enemies. D、It allows their mates to see them.
(3)、It can be inferred that why football players wear uniforms during a game is ______.
A、to identify group members B、to show their personalities C、to distinguish the group leader D、to blend in with the environment
(4)、The passage is mainly organized by ______.
A、comparisons B、explanations C、order of events D、order of importance
举一反三
根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

    Choosing the right job is probably one of the most important decisions we have to make in life, and it is frequently one of the hardest decisions we have to make. One important question that you might ask yourself is: “How do I get a good job?”

    {#blank#}1{#/blank#}. There are people who can answer an insignificant advertisement in the local paper and land the best job in the world; others write to all sorts of places all over the country, and never seem to get a reply at all. Still others believe that the in person, door-to-door approach is by far the best way to get a job; and then there are those who, through no active decision of their own, just seem to be in the right place at the right time. {#blank#}2{#/blank#}. He used to spend a lot of his free time down by the sea watching the tall ships, but never thinking that he might one day sail one of them. His father was a farmer, and being a sailor could never be anything for the boy but an idle dream. One day, on his usual wandering, he heard the captain of the ship complaining that he could not sail because one member of his crew was sick. Without stopping to think, the lad(少年)offered to take his place. {#blank#}3{#/blank#}

    {#blank#}4{#/blank#}. If the lad had gone home to ponder(考虑) his decision for a week, he may have missed his chance. It is one thing to be offered an opportunity; it is another thing to take it and use it well.  Sometimes we hear stories about people who break all the rules and still seem to land plum jobs(美差). When you go for a job interview or fill out an application, you are expected to say nice things about the company to which you are applying. {#blank#}5{#/blank#}. And within a year this person had become general manager of the company.

A. This story also illustrates the importance of seizing an opportunity when it presents itself.

B. People find jobs in a variety of ways.

C. It's almost impossible to find a good job by answering advertisement in newspapers

D. Take for example the young man who wanted to be a sailor.

E. But there was one person who landed an excellent job by telling the interviewer all the company's faults.

F. He spent the rest of his life happily sailing the ships he had always loved.

G. It is very important to seize an opportunity when it presents itself.

阅读理解

    The St. Louis Post-Dispatch reported that the St. Louis Outlet Mall is expanding its restrictions on unaccompanied teenagers. In 2006, a parental-escort (陪同)policy was established: on Fridays and Saturdays starting at 6 p.m., anyone under 17 that isn't accompanied by a guardian who is at least 21 years old will be kicked out of the mall. It was around this time that other malls around the U.S. likewise banned unaccompanied teens during certain evening hours.

Starting from this Friday, the St. Louis Outlet Mall is pushing its parental-escort rule back to 3 p.m. on Fridays and Saturdays. Similarly, the Mall of America expanded its parental-escort policy during the recent holiday shopping season. Normally, the policy bans kids under 16 without guardians(监护人) from 4 p.m. until closing time just on Fridays and Saturdays. But because of a fight in the mall involving dozens of young people that took place on Dec. 18, 2012—- a weekday, the policy was broadened to include peak 2013 holiday shopping hours, including Thanksgiving Day and all of the Christmas week.

    Teen disturbances in other malls may cause more shopping centers to introduce or expand parental-escort policies. The Indianapolis Star noted that two incidents in 2013 in area shopping centers raised the possibility that Indianapolis malls might need to consider banning unaccompanied teenagers.

   Obviously, such bans are aimed at stopping violence and other outbursts involving teenagers. More importantly, from a purely business perspective, these bans aim to attract shoppers who might otherwise be hesitant to go to the mall because of concerns about violence and outbursts involving teenagers. The restrictions allow mall security officers to systematically kick out a group of people that are considered to be loud, thuggish and bad for business overall. But they attract much criticism from online communities. Some argue that teens have the right to shop without a guardian. “Not all teens are disrespectful and troublemakers,” Pamela Chapman wrote. “In fact, it's been my experience that most are good kids.”

Again, the biggest influence on stricter mall policies for teens seems to be that they're just plain good for business. Malls reported strong sales growth after they first carried out the policies six years ago. “We've had some success with the parental-escort policy, and families like shopping out here together,” the manager of the St. Louis Outlet Mall told the St. Louis Post-Dispatch . If there's one rule in retail, it's this—- if a small initiative proves successful in boosting sales, then it's all but guaranteed that a larger initiative will follow.

阅读理解

    Around the world there are some festivals that for some of us may sound bizarre.

    In England they celebrate the rolling cheese race, which occurs every year during the last Monday in May. This festival's characteristic is a contest where an official rolls cheese down a steep hill and festival- goers go chasing after it. The winner is the first one to reach and catch the cheese.

    Another festival celebrated in England is the world championship of grimaces (鬼脸). It is a celebration that dates back to 1297 and is celebrated during the month of September. The task is to perform the best grimace using anything you can to win.

    The worldwide championship of wife lifting is celebrated in Finland. The game is based on Viking traditions where a man should carry away his neighbor's wife. According to the rules, any woman above 17 is considered as a wife, so if you are within this age, take care while visiting this country during the month of July.

    Many of you have watched Pirates of the Caribbean and have known something about pirates. The 19th of September has been declared worldwide as the day to talk like a pirate. Plenty of people have celebrated it thanks to the publicity (宣传) on the Internet.

    First staged in 1998, the Boryeong Mud Festival is an attraction that pulls more than a million visitors to the South Korean City. As you all know, the town is said to be rich in minerals, so there is no shortage of mud. Mud is trucked onto Daecheon Beach for tourists and locals to enjoy the festival to their best.

    The Monkey Buffet Festival is held in Thailand to develop tourism. It's an unusual feast held for about 600 monkeys. The Monkey Buffet Festival is held in honor of the Hindu gods Ram and Hanuman and involves 3,000 kilograms of vegetables and fruits being laid out for monkeys to stuff themselves.

阅读理解

    Red meat, usually considered to be beef, pork, mutton and lamb products, have nutritional value, but eating red meat also raises some health concerns.

    Red meat is an excellent source of protein(蛋白质). It is also a key source of vitamin B12, which is only available in animal products and is key for both red blood cell and nerve health. Red meat is also a rich source of zine, selenium(硒) andiron. Zinc and selenium are good for our immune system (免疫系统). Iron helps transport oxygen in the blood, and low levels of iron can lead to feeling tired. Eating red meat, especially lean cuts(廋肉), with meals and snacks, may help people curb hunger between meals and help people with weight management.

    Health risks of red meat may include the risk of heart disease and cancer. It is usually best to avoid processed meats. These tend to contain lots of salt and nitrites(亚硝酸盐), which may damage our health. Choosing lean cuts and cooking meat correctly may reduce health risks. It is generally advised not to undercook or overcook red meat and to avoid grilling(烧烤).

    When it comes to red meat and health, another thing is whether the animals are grain or grass-fed. Grass-fed animals frequently have a better quality of life. Grass feeding can be more environmentally friendly as well.

    Many governments suggest the amount of red meat should be safely included in a healthy diet. The amount varies between nations, but several portions a week are usually acceptable. Those who choose to include eating red meat may wish to choose grass-fed animals and to cut off any fat before eating.

阅读理解

    A popular TV host has reportedly invested about US $740,000 in a project to research, preserve and promote the Hunan provincial dialect (方言). Chinese TV presenters are required to speak Mandarin, or Putonghua, as part of their work, but should dialects be allowed on air?

    Bcnu (China): TV and radio stations have the right to decide whether dialects or Mandarin will be used in their programs. The popularity of some dialects in some areas will not challenge the leading role of Mandarin in the whole country.

    Rick N (US): TV and radio broadcasters should take the lead in popularizing Mandarin. To require hosts to speak standard Mandarin is not to oppress (压制) dialects, but it only aims to restrict irresponsible use of language. I think it is unprofessional for some hosts particularly to imitate the pronunciation of dialects.

    Cooper (UK): Dialects are an important part of local culture and now many kids even don't know how to speak their dialects because of the main use of Mandarin around them. It would be a pity if future generations were unable to understand the local dialects. It would be a terrible break in cultural traditions.

    Steve (France): To attract viewers or make more money, some hosts casually use dialects. Demanding TV and radio programs use Mandarin is a move to limit strange and irresponsible use of language, whether it is Mandarin or other dialects. In this way, the decision is also a form of protection for dialects. Hearing standard Mandarin on TV and radio programs is also a basic right of audiences around the country.

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