题型:任务型阅读 题类:模拟题 难易度:普通
四川省棠湖中学2019届高三英语二诊模拟考试试卷
Every animal sleeps, but the reason for this has remained foggy. When lab rats are not allowed to sleep, they die within a month.
One idea is that sleep helps us strengthen new memories. We know that, while awake, fresh memories are recorded by reinforcing (加强) connections between brain cells, but the memory processes that take place while we sleep have been unclear.
Support is growing for a theory that sleep evolved so that connections between neurons (神经元) in the brain can be weakened overnight, making room for fresh memories to form the next day.
Now we have the most direct evidence yet that he is right. The synapses in the mice taken at the end of a period of sleep were 18 per cent smaller than those taken before sleep, showing that the connections between neurons weaken while sleeping.
If Tononi's theory is right, it would explain why, when we miss a night's, we find it harder the next day to concentrate and learn new information — our brains may have smaller room for new experiences.
Their research also suggests how we may build lasting memories over time even though the synapses become thinner. The team discovered that some synapses seem to be protected and stayed the same size. “You keep what matters,” Tononi says.
A. We should also try to sleep well the night before.
B. It's as if the brain is preserving its most important memories.
C. That's why students do better in tests if they get a chance to sleep after learning.
D. Similarly, when people go for a few days without sleeping, they get sick.
E. The processes take place to stop our brains becoming loaded with memories.
F. Tononi's team measured the size of these connections, or synapses, in the brains of 12 mice.
G. “Sleep is the price we pay for learning,” says Giulio Tononi, who developed the idea.
A. Height played a major factor. B. No such association was seen for men. C. The study was observational and couldn't establish cause. D. In fact, the study found that the optimal level of activity for women was 60 minutes a day. E. Neither height nor weight seemed to factor into whether the men reached their 90s, but activity level did. F. In addition, for each 30 minutes a day the men were active, they were 5%more likely to reach that age. G. And they included dog walking, gardening, home improvements, walking or biking to work and sports. |
Living to the ripe old age of 90 may depend on your body size—both height and weight—as well as your level of physical activity, and geeing to influence a woman's lifespan more than it does a man's.
The study found women who lived to 90 were, on average, taller and had put on less weight since the age of 20 as compared to women who were shorter and heavier. {#blank#}1{#/blank#} However, men saw more benefit from physical activity than women.
In 1986 researchers asked over 7, 000 Norwegian men and women between age 55 and 69 about their height, current weight, and weight at age 20. Both genders also told researchers about their current physical activities. {#blank#}2{#/blank#} The men and women were then sorted into daily activity quotas: less than 30 minutes, 30 to 60 minutes, and 90 minutes or more.
Men and women in the study fared very differently when it came to the impact of body size and exercise.
Women who weighed less at age 20 and put on less weight as they aged were more likely to live longer than heavier women. {#blank#}3{#/blank#} The study found women who were taller than 5 feet 9 inches were 31%more likely to live into their 90s than women who were less than 5 feet 3 inches.
{#blank#}4{#/blank#} Men who spent 90 minutes a day or more being active were 39%more likely to live to 90 than men who were physically active for less than 30 minutes.
However, women who were physically active for more than 60 minutes a day were only 21%more likely to live to 90 than those who did 30 minutes or less. And unlike men, there was no bonus for increasing activity. {#blank#}5{#/blank#}
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