题型:任务型阅读 题类:常考题 难易度:普通
山东省烟台市第二中学2018-2019学年高一上学期英语冬学竞赛试卷(音频暂未更新)
Every animal sleeps, but the reason for this has remained foggy. When lab rats are not allowed to sleep, they die within a month.
One idea is that sleep helps us strengthen new memories. We know that, while awake, fresh memories are recorded by reinforcing (加强) connections between brain cells, but the memory processes that take place while we sleep have been unclear.
Support is growing for a theory that sleep evolved(进化) so that connections between neurons (神经元) in the brain can be weakened overnight, making room for fresh memories to form the next day.
Now we have the most direct evidence yet that he is right. The synapses (神经突触)in the mice taken at the end of a period of sleep were 18 percent smaller than those taken before sleep, showing that the connections between neurons weaken while sleeping .
If Tononi's theory is right, it would explain why, when we miss a night's sleep, we find it harder the next day to concentrate and learn new information--our brains may have smaller room for new experiences.
Their research also suggests how we may build lasting memories over time even though the synapses become thinner. The team discovered that some synapses seem to be protected and stayed the same size. “You keep what matters,”Tononi says.
A. We should also try to sleep well the night before.
B. It's as if the brain is preserving(保存) its most important memories.
C. Similarly, when people go for a few days without sleeping, they get sick.
D. The processes take place to stop our brains becoming loaded(装载) with memories.
E. That's why students do better in tests if they get a chance to sleep after learning.
F. “Sleep is the price we pay for learning,” says Giulio Tononi, who developed the idea.
G. Tononi's team measured the size of these connections, or synapses, in the brains of 12 mice.
Should I live in the city or the suburbs?
There are three different kinds of areas you can live in: urban, suburban, and rural. You can describe living in a rural area as living out in the sticks or the county. This type of living is seen as idyllic (田园生活的) for those seeking reprieve (暂时缓解) from crowds. Rural areas generally have small, self-sustaining populations.
Urban living is city living: active nightlife, full of noise, sophisticated public transit system and sometimes small and expensive city apartments. Urban areas tend to be densely (密集地) populated and have more intense traffic and pollution as a result.
For those seeking an intermediary between urban and rural living, the suburbs might be just the thing. Suburbs are large residential areas away from the core of town yet close enough to the city center.
Can you afford to live in the city?
Choosing whether to live in the city or the suburbs is often a matter of budget — where can you afford to live? By and large, living in the city is more expensive than living in the suburbs, though that's not always the case. For instance, in Las Vegas, Phoenix, Pittsburgh, Cleveland, and a few other cities, suburban living is not always better on your wallet.
Your lifestyle influences your happiness in the city or suburbs.
For someone who enjoys five-star restaurants, vibrant (充满活力的) nightlife, and fast-paced living, residing in an urban hub is a dream come true. On the other hand, if you find crowds and tons of noise unbearable, then a large city might feel like purgatory (炼狱).
Your lifestyle is one of the primary considerations in deciding where you ought to live. If you are into fishing, hiking, and spending time outdoors, then realize that you may have to drive several hours to enjoy your hobbies if you choose city living.
Is your career better suited for the city or suburbs?
Your career should also strongly influence your choice about whether to live in the city or in the suburbs. For example, if your job is in landscape, you might find it difficult to find work in the city because there is not a high demand for landscape artists. The fact of the matter is that most city homes don't have large yards with grass to cut, and competition for landscaping contracts is probably fierce. Similarly, a business executive (主管) may find that the suburbs do not offer the convenience afforded by city living.
The debate of whether to live in the suburbs or the city is long lasting and never-ending. When it all boils down to it, it is a matter of preference and budget, so go with your gut (决心) and you'll make the right choice.
Passage outline |
Supporting details |
{#blank#}1{#/blank#} of living in three kinds of areas |
◆ Living in rural areas helps people escape from {#blank#}2{#/blank#}streets and public transportation. ◆ Living in urban are can mean active nightlife but has many {#blank#}3{#/blank#} like noise, pollution and so on. ◆ The suburbs might appeal to those seeking to achieve a {#blank#}4{#/blank#} between urban and rural living. |
Affordability |
Generally, city living {#blank#}5{#/blank#} more than suburban living, but in some cases, urban living is less expensive. |
Lifestyle |
◆ When choosing where to live, you should take your lifestyle into {#blank#}6{#/blank#}. ◆You can settle in a big city if you prefer modern life. However, if you want to {#blank#}7{#/blank#} your hobbies like fishing and hiking, you'd better avoid city living. |
Career |
◆ Your profession plays a great role in helping you {#blank#}8{#/blank#} on where to live. ◆ A landscape artist has difficulty finding work in the city while a business executive finds it not {#blank#}9{#/blank#} to live in the suburbs. |
Conclusion |
Anyway, you'll make the right decision if you {#blank#}10{#/blank#} your choice on your preference and budget. |
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