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  • 题型:阅读理解 题类:模拟题 难易度:普通

    试题来源:浙江省2019届高三英语高考模拟卷(四)

    阅读理解

        The national environmental watchdog has declared that boosting efforts to cut air pollution in northern China, especially winter smog from the burning of coal, is a mission for this year.

        Burning coal for winter heating has been listed as one of the primary causes of air pollution, Chen Jining, minister of environmental protection, said on Monday at the annual meeting on environmental protection in Beijing.“As much as 60 percent of smog content is caused by coal burning in the starting phase of each smog”, said Fang Li, an official with Beijing's Environmental Protection Bureau. Therefore, Beijing has declared that it will wipe out coal use in its most rural areas by 2020.

        To start with, Beijing will replace coal-fired heating stoves with those powered by electricity or gas in 400 villages this year, before taking the campaign to the districts of Chaoyang, Haidian, Fengtai and Shijingshan by 2017,said Guo Zihua, a municipal rural development official. Beijing's downtown districts of Dongcheng and Xicheng eliminated coal burning last year, officials said.

        The capital and other places in northern China experienced several smog alerts in November and December, when peak readings were many times higher than the national safety level. Obviously, the situation is deteriorating, and will become a norm. So the government came up with a “smog subsidy (津贴)” for those who work outdoors, and 95 percent of the respondents to a survey support it.

        The Trade Union in Zhengzhou City surveyed subscribers to its official WeChat account and found that 88 percent of nearly 400 respondents said priority should be given to outdoor workers on smoggy days But 9 percent said air pollution affects everyone so it would be unfair to only address the concerns of people who work outdoors.

        Over half of the respondents think the extra subsidy, if applied, could come in the form of protective tools or cash. Twenty-two percent said money is the easiest way. To finance the proposed subsidy, 53 percent think the government and companies should jointly pay the bill, while 44 percent said central and regional governments should be responsible.

    (1)What can we infer from the “No coal by 2020” strategy?
    A . China will wipe out coal use in most rural areas by 2020. B . Beijing's Environmental Protection Bureau put it forward. C . Coal-fired heating is cheaper than electricity or gas heating. D . Coal burning in Beijing is mostly concentrated in rural areas.
    【答案】
    (2)Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
    A . 60 percent of dust is caused by coal burning. B . Whether the “smog subsidy” policy can be carried out hasn't been decided. C . The Trade Union surveyed 400 Zhengzhou citizens. D . There are 6 districts in Beijing where people burn coal.
    【答案】
    (3)How many respondents think it's better to pay the subsidy by money?
    A . About 35. B . About 90. C . About 200. D . About 350.
    【答案】
    (4)What's the author's attitude towards the "smog subsidy"?
    A . Supportive. B . Disapproving. C . Objective. D . Uncertain.
    【答案】
    【考点】
    【解析】
      

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    根据短文理解,选择正确答案。

        In 1905, as part of his Special Theory of Relativity, Albert Einstein published the point that a large amount of energy could be released from a small amount of matter. This was expressed by equation E = me 2(energy = mass times the speed of light squared). But bombs were not what Einstein had in mind when he published this equation.

        In 1929, he publicly declared that if a war broke out he would “refused to do war service, direct or indirect…” His position would change in 1933, as the result of Adolf Hitler's coming into power in Germany.

        Einstein's greatest role in the invention of the atomic bomb was signing a letter to President Franklin Roosevelt urging that the bomb be built because some physicists feared that Germany might be working on an atomic bomb. Among those concerned were physicists Leo Szilard and Eugene Wigner. But Szilard and Wigner had no influence with those in power. So in July 1939 they explained the problem to someone who did: Albert Einstein. After talking with Einstein, in August 1939 Szilard wrote a letter to President Roosevelt with Einstein's signature on it, which was delivered to Roosevelt in October 1939.

        Germany has invaded Poland the previous month; the time was ripe for action. That October research of a-bomb began but proceeded slowly because the invention of the atomic bomb seemed distant and unlikely. In April 1940 an Einstein letter, ghost-written by Szilard, pressed the researchers on the need for “greater speed”.

        As the realization of nuclear weapons grew near, Einstein looked beyond the current war to future problems that such weapons could bring. He wrote to his friend about his fear about the future use of the a-bomb.

        The atomic bombings of Japan occurred three months after Germany gave in.

    In November 1954, five months before his death, Einstein summarized his feelings about his role in the creation of the atomic bomb: “I made one great mistake in my life… when I signed a letter to President Roosevelt recommending that atom bombs be made; but there was some justification— the danger that the Germans would make them”.

    阅读理解

        We asked more than 200 teachers,children's authors,and children's literature experts to name the best picture books ever.We made a list based on their advice.Here are some of the books in the list.

        If You Give a Mouse a Cookie by Laura Numeroff,illustrated by Felicia Bond

        Who it's for: Grades PreK-2

        What it's about: Oh,that hungry mouse.Once you give him the cookie,he will ask for a glass of milk,and then a straw(吸管)and then...The action is unstoppable!In the end,the mouse and the boy that gives him the cookie (and perhaps the reader) are extremely exhausted!With terrific pictures and a wonderful lead character,this book shouldn't be missed by little kids.

    The Other Side by Jacqueline Woodson,illustrated by E.B.Lewis

        Who it's for: Grades 1-4

        What it's about: This is a story about a fence(篱笆)that divides a white neighborhood from a black one and two little girls whose need for play and friendship allow them to cross it.It has a very deep theme.

    Owl Moon by Jane Yolen,illustrated by John Schoenherr

        Who it's for: Grades 1-5

        What it's about: A classic example of child's expanding a simple walk into a glorious adventure.As a girl and her father hike through the moonlit night,the creatures they come across become exciting companions(同伴)for their owl hunt.

        The Snowman by Raymond Briggs

        The only wordless story on our list.

        Who it's for: Grades PreK-2

        What it's about:A great book to lead a child into reading.A fanciful story of a boy who makes and then befriends a snowman who both enters his world and takes him out for fun.

    阅读理解

        It's comforting to think if you were somehow swallowed by a whale, you'd simply hang out in his stomach until he eventually spat you out, unharmed and whole. Unfortunately, your chance of ending up in this type of situation is pretty low.

        In 2012 reporter Ben Shattuck read the records at the New Bedford Whaling Museum Research Library. Despite his extensive research at one of the most comprehensive whaling archives(档案), he failed to find a single report of anyone ever being swallowed alive by a whale. He found plenty of reports of whalers who were bitten or injured by the creatures, and several who died after fighting with a whale, but none related to swallowing.

        With whales' large mouths, it certainly seems possible that a whale could swallow someone whole, so why is it so unlikely? Baleen whales, or whales without teeth, are some of the largest creatures on the planet. Despite their massive size, baleen whales could never get you into their bellies thanks to their relatively small esophagus(食道). These whales are designed to eat small sea creatures, and the opening in their throat is only about as large as a basketball, so you'd never make it that far.

        But what about toothed whales? Sperm whales eat whole seals, so you could easily fit down their throats and into their stomachs. However, once you reached the first of the sperm whale's four stomachs, your journey would probably end quickly. Not only would the whale's stomach acid make quick work of you, but you'd experience a distinct lack of air on the inside. Actually, you're more likely to get eaten or injured as you try to make it past the sperm whale's sharp teeth. Plenty of whalers, have fought with sperm whales and lost their hands or lives due to these mean teeth.

    阅读理解

        If you use social media to chase away loneliness, a new study suggests you're going against the grain.

        We may have heard a lot about the benefits of interacting with others online, but the findings of a study conducted by University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine scientists show a direct relationship between social media usage and feelings of isolation (隔绝). In short, the more time you spend on social media, the lonelier you may feel.

        With increased interaction on a large number of apps that allow for endless virtual connectivity, loneliness seems like the last problem frequent social media users would face, but according to the leader of the study Brain Primack, it has the exact opposite effect.

        "Mental health problems and social isolation are at widespread levels among young adults nowadays," Primack said, "We are naturally social creature, but modem life tends to separate us instead of bringing us together. While it may seem that social media presents opportunities to fill the social void (空隙), I think this study suggests that it may not be the solution people were hoping for."

        Primack and his team examined the social media habits of 1,787 U.S. adults aged 19 to 32 via a questionnaire that asked about the time and frequency they spent on the most popular social media platforms. Eventually, they determined that young adults who are constantly logging into social media reported more feelings of isolation than those with less social media usage. Frequent exposure to unrealistic descriptions on social media instead of face-to-face social interactions may give people the impression that others are living happier, more connected lives, and this may users feel more socially isolated in comparison.

    阅读短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。

        Robots are now being employed not just for dangerous tasks, such as discovering mines or rescuing people in disasters. They are also finding application as household helps and as nursing assistants. As increasing numbers of machines, equipped with the latest artificial intelligence, take on a growing variety of specialized and everyday tasks, the question of how people see them and behave towards them becomes ever more urgent.

        A team led by Sari Nijssen of Radboud University and Markus Paulus, Professor of Developmental Psychology at Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitaet (LMU), have carried out a study to determine the degree to which people show concern for robots and behave towards them based on moral principles.

        According to Sari Nijssen, the study set out to answer the following question:" Under what circumstances would adults be willing to sacrifice robots to save human lives?" The participants were faced with a hypothetical (假设的) moral dilemma: Would they be prepared to put a single person at risk in order to save a group of injured persons? In the situations presented the intended victim was either a human, a humanoid robot that had been humanized (人性化的) to various degrees or a robot that was clearly recognizable as a machine.

        The study suggested that the more the robot was humanized, the less likely participants were to sacrifice it. Situations that included vivid stories in which the robot was described as a merciful being or as a creature with its own understandings, experiences and thoughts, were more likely to stop the study participants from sacrificing it in the interests of anonymous (无名的) humans.

        "This result indicates that our study group attached a certain moral status to the robot," says Paulus. "One possible suggestion of this finding is that attempts to humanize robots should not go too far. Such efforts could come into conflict with their intended function—to be of help to us."

     阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

    She is widely seen as proof that good looks can last forever. However, at over 500 years of age, time is catching up with the Mona____Lisa

    The health of the famous picture, painted by Leonardo da Vinci in 1505, is getting worse year by year, according to the Louvre Museum where it is housed. 

    "The thin, wooden panel(嵌板) on which the Mona Lisa is painted in oil has changed shape since experts checked it two years ago," the museum said. Visitors have noticed the changes but repairing the world's most famous painting is not easy. Experts are not sure about the materials the Italian artist used and their current chemical state.

     Nearly 6 million people go to see the Mona Lisa every year, and many are attracted by the mystery of her smile. "It is very interesting that when you're not looking at her, she seems to be smiling, and then you look at her and she stops," said Professor Margaret Livingstone of Harvard University. "It's because direct vision is excellent at picking up details, but less suitable to look at shadows. Da Vinci painted the smile in shadows."

     However, the actual history of the Mona Lisa is just as mysterious as the smile. Da Vinci himself loved it so much that he always carried it with him, until it was eventually sold to France's King Francis Ⅰ in 1519.

     In 1911, the painting was stolen from the Louvre by a former employee, who took it out of the museum and hid it in his coat. He said he planned to return it to Italy. The painting was sent back to France two years later.

     During World War Ⅱ, the French hid the painting in small towns to keep it out of the hands of German forces.

     Like many old ladies, the Mona Lisa has some interesting stories to tell.

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