Direction: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

    Red grouper(石斑鱼) are known for a few key characteristics — their color, which can from pink to bright orange; their tastiness, whether they're grilled or fried; and their predation (掠夺行为) method, in which they  sea creatures and swallow them whole.

    But their least-known characteristic might be the most valuable of all: They operate as underwater architects,  the seascape for numerous other forms of underwater life. That surprising discovery is  scientists and policymakers to readjust their approach to preserving the ocean's natural order — and heightening tensions with those who fish for a living or as a hobby.

    A team of scientists, led by Florida State University's Felicia Coleman, recently found that the red grouper off Florida's east and west coasts have created entire ocean by digging large holes in the sea's sandy bottom. In the same way beavers dams, red grouper dig and maintain distinct holes whose rocky surfaces provide a place for coral, sponges and other marine life to gather.

    This new understanding is changing the way federal and state authorities manage ocean habitats and is creating a completely new crack with fishermen. “The people who are in control want to  fishing as much as possible,” said Bob Jones, executive director of the Southeastern Fisheries Association. He added that the recent discoveries about red grouper amount to an “excuse they can use to restrict fishing, or recreational.”

    But to many researchers, fishery officials and even some fishermen, the fact that fish act as environmental engineers provides a compelling reason to protect them from exploitation.

    “If you  that fish, it puts into motion a whole chain of events,” said Don deMaria, who used to fish for red grouper near Key Largo, Fla., but no longer does. “There's a whole lot of other animals that are . I'm not saying you can't catch them. But you can't do it to the extent we've been doing for the last 20 years.”