题型：任务型阅读 题类：常考题 难易度：普通
福建省福州市2019届高三上学期英语期末考试试卷
Have you ever wondered how the trainers at Sea World get the 19,000-pound whale to jump 22 feet out of water and perform tricks? They get that whale to go over a rope farther out of the water than most of us can imagine. .
So how do the trainers at Sea World do it? The first thing they do is reinforce(强化) the behavior that they want repeated — in this case, to get the whale to go over the rope., in a position where the whale can't help but do what's expected of it. Every time the whale goes over the rope, it's given positive reinforcement and gets fed with fish. But what happened when the whale goes under the rope? Nothing — no criticism, no warning and no feedback. .
Positive reinforcement is the key of that simple principle that produces such splendid results. And as the whale begins to go over the rope more often than under, the trainers begin to raise the rope. It must be raised slowly enough so that the whale doesn't starve.
. Make a big deal out of the good and little stuff that we want consistently. Secondly, under-criticize. People know they need help when they mess up. , people will not forget the event and usually will not repeat it.
So we need to set up the circumstances so that people can't fail. Over-celebrate, under-criticize…and know how far to raise the rope.
A. This is a great challenge
B. And the whale stays right where it is
C. If we figure out a way to motivate the whale
D. They start with the rope below the surface of the water
E. If we under-criticize, punish and discipline less than expected
F. Whales are taught that their negative behavior won't be acknowledged
G. The simple lesson to be learned from the whale trainers is to over-celebrate
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A. On the contrary, if you are around people who are happy, their emotional state will be infectious. B. What makes one person happy may be very different from what makes someone else happy. C. Being overweight or not eating nutritious foods can have a negative effect on your mood. D. There are some tips in life that lead to happiness. E. It's also important to take some time each day to do something nice for yourself. F. These are important questions for anyone who is seeking happiness to ask themselves. G. Spend a few minutes each day thinking about the things that make you happy. |
Are you truly happy? Do you ever know what it means to be happy and what it takes to achieve happiness?
{#blank#}1{#/blank#}. The following are a few tips that I follow to create happiness in my life.
※ Make a plan for attaining goals that you believe will make you happy. Your moods will very likely increase if you are going after something you value.
※Surround yourself with happy people. It is easy to begin to think negatively when you are surrounded by people who think that way. {#blank#}2{#/blank#}.
※When something goes wrong, try to figure out a solution instead of being absorbed in self pity. Truly happy people don't allow setbacks to affect their mood because they know that with a little thought they can turn the circumstances back to their favor.
※{#blank#}3{#/blank#}. These few minutes will give you the opportunity to focus on the positive things in your life and will lead you to continuous happiness.
※{#blank#}4{#/blank#}. Whether you treat yourself to lunch, take a long, relaxing bath or simply spend a few extra minutes on your appearance, you will be subconsciously (下意识地) putting yourself in a better mood.
※Finding the humor in situations can also lead to happiness. Find a way to make light of a situation that would otherwise make you happy.
※Keeping healthy is another way to achieve happiness. {#blank#}5{#/blank#}
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