广东省历年中考真题分类汇编:阅读理解(科普环保类)

修改时间:2022-01-14 浏览次数:67 类型:二轮复习 编辑

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一、阅读理解

  • 1. 阅读理解

        The Taojinshan Greenway (绿道) in Shenzhen has been open to citizens since July, 2019. Sitting at the west side of Shenzhen Reservoir, it is as long as 7.07 kilometers.

        With plants along both sides and lakes lying at different sites, tourists can enjoy wonderful scenery all the way. If they are tired, they are free to take a rest at the 3 stops that were built for breaks. Additionally, five unused guard posts (岗享) along the old route have remained. They serve as sightseeing platforms for visitors to feel the cultural spirit behind the place.

        Of all its 13 scenic spots, 8 were designed to have Al helpers. From them, visitors can gain information on parking, tour guide services and more. The smart greenway, with free Wi-Fi available, also provides environmental date, such as temperature, wind speed and air quality. What's more, it can give visitors wamings of coming extreme (极端的) weather and natural disasters, including rainstorms and typhoons that may hit Shenzhen.

        "Started in the middle of 2015, the building process of the Taojinshan Greenway has taken good care of de wildlife and environment nearby" said Yang Shiming, an offcial in charge of the project."

        The greenway is an example of construction projects without doing harm to the nature. It also shows the role that technology plays in building a smart greenway for more life convenience."

    (1) How long did it take to finish the Taojinshan Greenway?
    A . About 3 years B . About4 years. C . About 5 years D . About 6 years.
    (2) What does the underlined word "They" in Paragraph 2 refer to?
    A . Views. B . Visitors. C . Stops. D . Guard posts.
    (3) What is the main idea of Paragraph 3?
    A . What Al helpers do. B . Technology changes life, C . How Al helpers work. D . Technology protects humans.
    (4) What can we learn from this passage?
    A . It is interesting to use Al helpers. B . It is important to build greenways. C . It is possible to balance nature and construction. D . It is unnecessary to worry about terrible weather.
  • 2. 阅读理解

        Many people dream of traveling into outer space. However, spending too much time in space may cause health problems, according to NASA. That's why astronauts shouldn't spend more than six months on the International Space Station(ISS)at a time.

        Muscle(肌肉)and bone loss

        In a weightless environment, astronauts don't need to use their muscles to support themselves, so their muscles start shrinking. To keep their muscles strong, astronauts need to exercise about 2 hours each day on the ISS.

        Sleep disorder (混乱)

        In space, the sun rises every 90 minutes. It is hard for astronauts to get used to this light-dark cycle when they sleep. Also, they need to sleep in a sleeping bag that is fixed to a wall, and it is uncomfortable.

        Astronauts now have individual sleeping pods(分离仓)that help shut out some of the light. Sill, studies have found that most astronauts only sleep about six hours each night, even though they should have eight and a half hours.

        Brain changes

        Scientists have found that the position of the brain changes during spaceflight. It can affect how the brain deal with how we see, stay balanced and move around. That's why some astronauts can't control their movement and balance after returning to the Earth. Scientists have also found that astronauts may get used to this change after going on more spaceflights. But they still need to do more research.

    (1) According to the passage, astronauts may have the following health problems EXCEPT ____________.
    A . bone loss B . brain changes C . sleep disorder D . headache
    (2) Astronauts may have muscle problems after returning to the Earth because_________.
    A . they seldom walk while in space B . they are too busy to exercise in space C . they don't have enough room to exercise in space D . they don't need to use their muscles to support themselves in space
    (3) Astronauts sleep in individual sleeping pods to ________________.
    A . stay warm at night B . shut out light C . enjoy a quiet place D . avoid moving around
    (4) The underlined word "shrinking" in the second paragraph means ________________.
    A . 萎缩 B . 改变 C . 消失 D . 膨胀
    (5) The best title of this passage is ________________.
    A . Sleep Disorder in Space B . Brain Changes in Space C . Muscle and Bone Loss in Space D . Health Problems in Space
  • 3. 阅读理解

        A new waste-sorting policy came out in Shanghai on July 1, 2019. How do people in Shanghai sort their waste? Let's look at the pictures.

    (1) How many kinds of waste do people sort in Shanghai?
    A . Three. B . Four. C . Five. D . Six.
    (2) We should put unwanted books in the ____________bin.
    A . recyclable B . dangerous C . wet D . dry
    (3) Which of the following should be put in the wet bin?
    A . Plastic bottles. B . Paper cups. C . Fruit D . Shells.
    (4) The following is a kind of recyclable paper EXCEPT ________________.
    A . newspapers B . magazines C . books D . postcards
    (5) The passage mainly tells us _________________.
    A . how to sort waste B . how to use recyclable things C . what to do with the dry waste D . what kind of waste is dangerous
  • 4. 阅读理解

        Sending packets, shopping for everyday goods and even building a house, these are new skills that new robots show at the World Robot Exhibition.

    RoBohoN

        Scientists are recommending the latest talking robots. They can be highly intelligent in their responses. RoBohoN, just 10cm tall, makes a lively description of the Great Wall and the Palace

    Museum. It can speak Chinese, English or any other language you like.

    Human Support

        This robot stands at 1m tall and looks like a container with arms. It provides much support to different places and keeps in touch with the outside world through the internet.

    HRP-5P

        As world cities continue developing, there are building sites everywhere, but there aren't enough people to build them. HRP-5P looks like a strong builder. It stands at 1.8m tall and

    CarriRo

        CarriRo, in the shape of a toy bus, has friendly "eyes" on its front. It works as a postman and sends packages by rolling around the streets. It has a GPS to travel. The person who receives the package is sent a code to the smart phone to open the CarriRo and get the package.

    (1) How tall is the RoBohoN?
    A . 0.1 meter B . 1 meter C . 1.8 meter D . 101 meters
    (2) Which Robot is the best helper to the old people's homes?
    A . RoBohoN B . Human Support Robot C . HRP-5P  D . CarriRo
    (3) How does the owner of the package open the CarriRo?
    A . by working as a postman  B . by rolling around the street C . by following the GPS  D . by using the code
    (4) In which part of a newspaper can we find this passage?
    A . culture B . sports C . science D . people
  • 5. 阅读理解

        In our daily life, robots are often found to do work that is too dangerous, boring, difficult, or dirty. And we often see kids play with toy robots.

        But what exactly is a robot? There are some important characteristics(特征) that a robot must have. These characteristics might help you to decide what is and what is not a robot. It will also help you to decide what you will need to build into a machine before it can be considered as a robot. A robot has these important characteristics.

        Sensing First of all, your robot would have to be able to sense the environment around it. 

        Give your robot sensors (传感器): light sensors( eyes ), touch sensors (hands), chemical sensors(nose), hearing sensors(ears) and taste sensors (tongue).

        Movement A robot needs to be able to move around its environment.  It can move on wheels, walk on legs or be driven by small engines(发动机). A robot can move either the whole body or just parts of it.

        Energy A robot needs to be able to power itself.  Some robots might power itself with sunlight, some might with electricity, while others with the battery(电池). The way your robot gets its energy will depend on what your robot needs to do.

        Intelligence A robot needs some kind of "smarts". A programmer is the person who gives the robot its "smarts". The robot will have to have a certain way to receive the program so that it knows what it is to do.

    (1) The underlined word "it" in Paragraph 2 is about ____.
    A . the toy B . the characteristic C . the machine D . the engine
    (2) The chemical sensors may help a robot to ____.
    A . See B . catch C . hear D . smell
    (3) In how many ways can a robot power itself according to the passage?
    A . Two. B . Three. C . Four. D . Five.
    (4) The Chinese meaning of "Intelligence" in the last paragraph is ____.
    A . 能源 B . 勤奋 C . 智能 D . 外观
    (5) What is the main purpose of the passage?
    A . To help people understand what a robot is. B . To tell what a robot can do in our life. C . To describe the movement of a robot. D . To introduce the history of robots.
  • 6. 阅读下列短文,从下面每小题的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。

    E

        Artificial intelligence(人工智能), or AI in short, is the science of giving computers and machines ability to think and work like humans. AI scientists and engineers have made a lot of cool technologies.

        AI is rapidly catching up with the human ability to read faces. As a result, facial recognition(识别)is used a lot in the world. Chinese police use this technology to identify criminals(罪犯).Once they caught a criminal when he attended a concert. It also checks the ID of ride-hailing(网约车)drivers and lets people pay for things with a smile.

        AI is also used in self-driving cars, which are believed to be the future of driving. Most drivers may wave or nod at passers-by to let them cross the street, but self-driving cars don't have this ability. Carmakers are testing a light signal system to help them "speak" to humans. The system can show what self-driving cars will do. For example, if a driverless car is yielding(让路), it will flash two white lights side to side. A rapidly flashing light tells passers-by that the car is about to speed up.

        Service Robots also show you know powerful AI is. Imagine this—you come back home from school and your robot housekeeper is waiting for you at the door. After dinner, he teaches you to play the piano, just like a real music teacher. Such thoughts will soon happen in the real world. In the future, more and more service robots will become good home helpers.

        AI is so powerful that it can help human beings and even replace us in many jobs.

    (1) What does the underlined word "identify" mean in Paragraph 2 probably mean?
    A . To let somebody know his mistakes. B . To come to realize and tell who is who. C . To take somebody to the police station. D . To inform somebody of something important.
    (2) According to the passage, what is facial recognition used for?
    A . Driving cars. B . Making people smile. C . Calling the police. D . Checking people's information.
    (3) Which technology has been used in real life according to the passage?
    A . Service Robots at school. B . Robots as ride-hailing drivers. C . Facial recognition for payment. D . Light signals for self-driving cars.
    (4) What can we learn from the passage?
    A . People use AI in many different ways. B . AI will take the pace of human beings in all jobs. C . Self-driving cars will be able to talk like humans. D . A criminal was caught for inventing facial recognition.

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