Shanghai Citizens Out Of Sorts Over New Trash Separation Rules

    Household trash has occupied the minds of Shanghai residents this week: specifically, are the contents of their bins "wet", "dry", "hazardous" or "recyclable"?

    Residents of the city one of the world's biggest with about 23 million people,  arrange their trash according to those labels under a mandatory (强制的)sorting scheme  (start) on July 1.

    Citizens, however, are finding  new system complicated enough,  every item of waste now under careful scrutiny, from receipts and half-eaten crayfish to soggy cups of "bubble tea." Residents are also unhappy about getting their hands dirty. "It's really a lot of trouble," said a 68-year old resident called Shen. "Plastic bags have to be put in one bin and if they are dirty they must  (clean out), and then your hands get filthy. It's really unhygienic."

    Huang Rong, deputy secretary general of the Shanghai government, said on Friday more than 70% of residential districts should be compliant (遵守) with the new trash sorting rules by next year.

Though Shanghai has hired 1,700 instructors and conducted 13,000 training sessions, confused residents on social media are demanding to know to sort items like batteries, human hair, meat on a bone, or fruit seeds and skins. The government (set up) an app to handle enquiries. citizens are unsure about which of the four trash categories — recyclable, hazardous waste, kitchen waste and residual waste — something they need to discard belongs to, they open the app, type in the object and receive a definitive answer.

    Shanghai aims to eventually burn or recycle all waste. By next year, dry waste incineration and wet waste treatment rates  (expect) to reach 27,800 tonnes a day, around 80% of the city's total garbage.

    China is building hundreds of "waste to energy" plants  use garbage to generate power. It is also establishing a "waste-free city" scheme and constructing high-tech "comprehensive utilization bases" across the country.

    Huang said the new sorting measures were just the beginning, and would not instantly resolve Shanghai's mounting garbage challenges. "We need to step up the propaganda, and we can't help but  (step up) the construction of infrastructure and guarantee that the separation of trash meets our requirements," he said.

The Unique Joy of Learning New Words

    With all that's happening in the news, life can feel like an exercise in determining the particular kind of bad we are experiencing the. Are we anxious or depressed? Lonely, or stressed?

    Tim Lomas, a senior lecturer in positive psychology at the University of East London, is engaged in the opposite endeavor,  all the types of well-being that he can find. Specifically, Lomas is seeking to psychological insight by collecting untranslatable words that describe pleasurable feelings we don't have a  for in English. "It's almost like each one is a window onto a new landscape," Lomas says. So far, with the help of many contributors, he has amassed nearly 1000 in what he calls a "positive lexicography"— including the Dutch pretoogies, which refers to the twinkling eyes of someone engaged in benign mischief; The Arabic tarab, a word for musically induced ecstasy; And the Creole tabanca, which describes the feeling of being left by someone you love.

    People are fascinated with untranslatable words in part because they are useful: How else could we talk to each other about the pleasure of schadenfreude? But Lomas also see them as a means of showing us "new possibilities for ways of living," describing them as invitations for people to experience happy phenomena that may previously have had been "hidden from them" or to revel in feelings they couldn't previously . Consider the Japanese ohanami, a word for gathering with others to appreciate lowers.

Linguists have long argued about how much the language we speak — partly by factors like geography and climate — limits the thoughts we are capable of having or the actions we can take. The words in which different societies live are distinct worlds, not merely the same world with different labels ," wrote the theorist Edward Sapir.

    Perusing (研读) the words in Lomas' collection, at the least, is a means of meditating on ways that we can feel good. When asked for one of his favorites, the psychologist lists the German Fernweh, which describes a  to travel to distant lands, a kind of homesickness for the unexplored. Also delightful is the Danish morgenfrisk, describing the satisfaction one gets from a good night's sleep, and the Latin otium,  the joy of being in control of one's own time.

    Regardless of the weather or the distance, Paul Wilson will make sure low-income students in his neighborhood arrive at their college classes on time.

    A retired engineer, 76-year-old Wilson has been 1 free rides to college students for the past eight years. Since he first started 2 his car to the young people. Wilson has 3 an astonishing 64,000 miles, and has had countless pleasant and often humorous conversations with the students he transports to and from school. The students who he's 4 have gone on to become physicians, teachers and engineers, but what they've also got out of their time in school is finding a role model and a friend in Wilson. Some students even call him "Grandpa".

    Tina Stern 5 rides from Wilson for all her four years in college, and the trips meant much more to her than just free 6. "It's not just a ride: you're not just sitting there in 7 silence or with your headphones on." Stern said. "He asks you questions and actually remembers the answers, so the next time you ride with him, he'll 8 those things."

    Wilson first worked as a driver through a student-support programme of the non-profit organization, On Point for College. Although the 9 asks the members only to drive students to and from their classes, Wilson often goes 10 to ensure the welfare and safety of the students. If they have problems with registration.

    Wilson is there to assist them. If they run out of certain daily necessities. Wilson will drive to the nearest store and purchase what's needed. If a student gets hungry on the long drives to and from school, Wilson never 11 to buy them a meal.

    For many students, Willson's help is not only appreciated, it's also entirely 12 for them to be able to complete their college education. Some students don't have a reliable car, while others have to 13 vehicles with parents who work six days a week. For them, riding with Wilson has allowed them to complete their education -- but according to Wilson, he benefits just as much from the 14. "I just love driving and I love these kids," Wilson said. "It's such a(n) 15 to be a part of these kids' lives, even just for a few hours, getting to know them and hearing their stories."

    The purpose of the American court system is to protect the rights of the people. According to American law, if someone is accused of a crime, he or she is considered innocent until the court proves that the person is guilty. In other words, it is the responsibility of the court to prove that a person is guilty. It is not the responsibility of the person to prove that he or she is innocent.

    In order to arrest a person, the police have to be reasonable sure that a crime has been committed. The police must give the suspect the reasons why they are arresting him and tell him his rights under the law. Then the police take the suspect to the police station to "book" him. "Booking means that the name of the person and the charges against him are formally listed at the police station.

    The next step is for the suspect to go before a judge. The judge decides whether the suspect should be kept in jail or released. If the suspect has no previous criminal record and the judge feels that he will return to court rather than run away -- for example, because he owns a house and has a family -- he can go free. Otherwise, the suspect must put up bail (保释金). At this time, too, the judge will appoint a court layer to defend the suspect if he can't afford one.

    The suspect returns to court a week or two later. A lawyer from the district attorney's office presents a case against the suspect. This is called a hearing. The attorney may present evidence as well as witnesses. The judge at the hearing then decides whether there is enough reason to hold a trial. If the judge decides that there is sufficient evidence to call for a trial, he or she sets a date for the suspect to appear in court to formally plead guilty (认罪) or not guilty.

    At the trial, a jury of 12 people listens to the evidence from both attorneys and hears the testimony of the witnesses. Then the jury goes into a private room to consider the evidence and decide whether the defendant is guilty of the crime. If the jury decides that the defendant is innocent, he goes free. However, if he is convicted, the judge sets a date for the defendant to appear in court again for sentencing. At this time, the judge tells the convicted（宣判有罪的）person what his punishment will be. The judge may sentence him to prison, order him to pay a fine, or place him on probation (缓刑).

    The American justice system is very complex and sometimes operates slowly. However, every step is designed to protect the rights of the people. These individual rights are the basis, or foundation, of the American government.

    This month millions of American kids can forget about classroom bells and set off for grandparents' homes, sleep-away camps and life guard stands. But summer vacation hasn't always been a birth right of U.S. school children. Before the Civil War, schools operated on one of two calendars (日历), neither of which included a summer vacation. Rural (农村的) schooling was divided into summer and winter terms, leaving kids free to help with the farm work in the spring planting and fall harvest seasons. Urban students, meanwhile, regularly had as many as 48 weeks of study a year, with one break per quarter.

    In the 1840s, however, educational reformers like Horace Mann moved to combine the two calendars out of concern that rural schooling was not enough and that overusing of young minds could lead to nervous disorders. Summer appeared as the obvious time for a break: it offered a rest for teachers, fit in the farming calendar and reduced doctors' concern that packing students into hot classrooms would promote the spread of disease.

    But people's opinion about the modern U.S. school year, which averages 180 days, is still divided. Some experts say its pleasant but lazy summer break, which took hold in the early 20th century, is one of the reasons math skills and graduation rates of U.S. high schoolers ranked well below average in two international education reports published in 2007. Others insist that with children under increasing pressure to devote their downtime to internships (实习) or study, there's still room for an institution that protects the lazy days of childhood.

    Although women get angry just as often as men, rage remains the prototypical male emotion. "My kids still talk about my 'freak-outs,'" says Kim Garretson, 54, a corporate strategist in Minneapolis, who once erupted into volcanic fury; in a restaurant when served a still-frozen entree." I didn't express much of anything, but once in a while, I'd just blow."

    Why do so many men lose their tempers? "The rage comes because there's so much frustration when you cut off something that is you. Yet that's what men do, because they're afraid that if you give emotions an inch, they'll take a mile." says psychologist Kenneth W. Christian, PhD, author of Your Own Worst Enemy. If you don't learn how to work with your emotions, you're a shadow figure, a small incomplete version of yourself. It's only a matter of time until the house of cards that you are falls apart."

    For Kim Garretson, that day came four years ago when he was diagnosed with prostate cancer. As often happens when illness strikes men, he realized he had nothing to lose, and everything to gain, by letting himself feel. "I'm no longer afraid of expressing almost any emotion," he says. "I get anger out with my quick, sharp tongue and move on. I use humor as an outlet, I've reconnected with old friends. I talk about the big questions of life. I search for spiritual meaning."

    Guys, Try These

    In his Dirty Harry days, Clint Eastwood never flinched (退缩). Now as a husband, father and Oscar-winning director of movies that explore the depths of men's souls, the tough guy has turned tender -- but not talkative. "The men who hide their emotions the most may; in fact be the most sensitive," observes Christian. Yet men can become more emotionally expressive without tears or fears. Here are some ways to start;

    Develop a creative outlet. Hobbies like painting or playing a musical instrument can tap into a man's soul. Remember that much of the world's greatest art, music and literature was created by the allegedly emotionally challenged sex.

    Release stress and anger through exercise. "When you get to the breaking point where you just want to put your head through a wall, taking a ten-minute time-out isn't enough to calm down," says Westover, who in moments of extreme emotion finds a place to drop to the floor and do push-ups.

    Try expressing "a little" emotion. "Start with feelings you can control, find a sympathetic ear and use the term 'a little,'" suggests Coleman, Saying you feel "a little" sad or "a little" scared feels safer than a full declaration of vulnerability.

    Lean into the discomfort. "Rather than avoiding a feeling that you're not sure how to handle, move toward it," says psychologist Travis Bradbury, PhD, co-author of The Emotional Intelligence Quick Book. "Learning to handle emotions takes time and practice, because you need to retrain your brain, but it does get easier."

    The problem of robocalls has become so severe that many people now refuse to pick up calls from numbers they don't know. By next year, half of the calls we receive will be scams (欺诈). We are finally waking up to the severity of the problem by supporting and developing a group of tools, apps and approaches intended to prevent scammers from getting through. Unfortunately, it's too little, too late. By the time these "solutions" become widely available, scammers will have moved onto cleverer means. Soon you will also question whether the voice you're hearing is actually real.

    That's because there are a number of powerful voice manipulation and automation technologies that are about to become widely available for anyone to use. At this year's I/O Conference, a company showed a new voice technology able to produce such a convincing human-sounding voice that it was able to speak to receptionist and book a reservation without detection.

     The reason that robocalls are a headache has less to do with amount than precision. A decade of data breaches (数据侵入) of personal information has led to a situation where scammers can easily learn your mother's name, and far more. Armed with this knowledge, they're able to carry out individually targeted campaigns to cheat people. This means, for example, that a scammer could call you from what looks to be a familiar number and talk to you using a voice that sounds exactly like your bank teller's, tricking you into "confirming" your address, mother's name, and cark number. Scammers follow money, so companies will be the worst hit. A lot of business is still done over the phone, and much of it is based on trust and existing relationships..

    We need to deal with the insecure nature of our telecom networks. That might mean either developing a uniform way to mark videos and images, showing when and who they were made by, or abandoning phone calls altogether and moving towards data-based communications — using apps like FaceTime or WhatsApp, which can be tied to your identity.

    Credibility is hard to earn but easy to lose, and the problem is only going to get harder from here on out.

A. Voice manipulation technologies may weaken that gradually.

B. There are many challenges in robotics that need to be addressed in order to solve the voice manipulation and assembly problems.

C. In the near future, it's not just going to be the number you see on your screen that will be in doubt.

D. It's high time that the government should spare no effort to tackle the problem immediately.

E. Phone carriers and consumers need to work together to find ways of determining and communicating what is real.

F. Those developments are likely to make our current problems with robocalls much worse.

    Parents everywhere praise their kids. Jenn Berman, author of The A to Z Guide to Raising Happy and Confident Kids, says, "We've gone to the opposite extreme of a few decades ago when parents tended to be more strict." By giving kids a lot of praise, parents think they're building their children's confidence, when, in fact, it may be just the opposite. Too much praise can backfire and, when given in a way that's insincere, make kids afraid to try new things or take a risk for fear of not being able to stay on top where their parents' praise has put them.

    Still, don't go too far in the other direction. Not giving enough praise can be just as damaging as giving too much. Kids will feel like they're not good enough or that you don't care and, as a result, may see no point in trying hard for their accomplishments.

    So what is the right amount of praise? Experts say that the quality of praise is more important than the quantity. If praise is sincere and focused on the effort not the outcome  you can give it as often as your child does something that deserves a verbal reward. "We should especially recognize our children's efforts to push themselves and work hard to achieve a goal," says Donahue, author of Parenting Without Fear: Letting Go of Worry and Focusing on What Really Matters. "One thing to remember is that it's the process not the end product that matters."

    Your son may not be the best basketball player on his team. But if he's out there every day and playing hard, you should praise his effort regardless of whether his team wins or loses. Praising the effort and not the outcome can also mean recognizing your child when she has worked hard to clean the yard, cook dinner, or finish a book report. But whatever it is, praise should be given on a case-by-case basis and be proportionate (相称的) to the amount of effort your child has put into it.