The University of Tokyo has eight museums covering various fields such as medicine, agriculture and art. Click the names of the museums below to read brief introductions about their histories and exhibits.

    The University Museum

    Having accumulated over three million academic materials for its collection since the University of Tokyo was founded in 1877, the University Museum is the largest museum of its kind in Japan. From the time of its reorganization into an independent entity in May 1996, the Museum has held exhibitions over 60 times.

    The Museum of Health and Medicine

    The Museum of Health and Medicine seeks to provide information about health and medicine to the general public and advance education for students studying medicine. The Museum features both a permanent and a temporary exhibition space and a temporary exhibition space, with the latter focusing on topics related to medical care and the study of medicine.

    The Agricultural Museum

    The Agricultural Museum displays materials from the collection of the University's Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Science, Notable items on display include the documents and portraits of scientists affiliated (隶属的)with the University, internal organs of Japan's famous dog Hachiko, and drawings illustrating German agriculture and the varieties of Japanese cows.

    The Farm Museum

    The Farm Museum opened in 2007 within a renovated dairy bam. The bam was built in 1934 as part of the moving of the University of Tokyo's farm from Komaba to Tanashi, an area in Western Tokyo. The Museum features both permanent and temporary exhibitions. Permanent exhibitions include European farming equipment used on the Komaba Farm, tools for agricultural experiments, agricultural machinery, American tractors and drawings illustrating German agriculture.

    When a child says their first word, it's an event to remember. But when a girl with nonverbal autism (自闭症) does it, it's a reason to ugly cry in a parking lot. And that's exactly what happened to Briana Blankenship from Athens, Alabama. Doctors said her daughter, Taylor, might never speak. But just days ago, the 5-year-old girl challenged it and proved them wrong.

    “I had basically accepted that I would never hear her voice,” Briana said.

“We communicate with limited sign language and gestures,” Briana said, “We also have an iPad that is locked so that the only program she can access is a communication program called LAMP. LAMP is what she uses to complete work in school and because of this, she is excellent at spelling especially for a 5-year-old.” Taylor is also in the “inclusion” Kindergarten class where she receives occupational therapy (治疗) to help with her fine motor skills. “Her dad and I also pay for her to go to gymnastics every week and it has helped her stop her tiptoe walking”.

    However, when Briana was taking her daughter to a gymnastics class, the impossible happened. “We were on our way there- running late- so I had to go through the closest drive-thru to grab her something that she would actually eat We rarely eat fast food so she recognized that she was about to get her favorite food, French fries, and started getting excited and giggling (咯咯笑) in the back seat. That's when I heard her say it. I whipped my head around and asked “Did you just say Momma?” and she looked at me and said it again.

    I broke down into tears. “I parked my car after getting our food and immediately called my husband and then my mother. I didn't have time to call anyone else before class started so I quickly posted the video to my Facebook page.” Instantly, people flooded Briana's inbox. “We have had so many messages from people that we are giving them light for their loved ones, or that we are making them feel less alone in the daily battles of parenting a nonverbal child.

    How to fight California's wildfires? It's an “all of the above” respond.

There might, indeed, be a need to make it easier to thin dying or dead trees out of thickly forested areas, reducing the fuel for wildfires. But the problem is actually more complicated. Even if dead trees are removed, the dry bushes act like kindling (引火物) when wildfires spread.

    Even more to the point, thick forests were not a factor in these recent California's fires. “They're using these fires to talk about forest management that has nothing to do with the landscape in which the fires are occurring,” says Chur Miller. W. M. Keck Professor of Environmental Analysis and History at Pomona College in Claremont, California.

    Climate change is making wildfires worse. The resulting unpredictable weather patterns have created shorter, wetter winters in California, producing a sudden, heavy growth of brushes, grasses and trees. After winter, the state's ongoing drought and record- high summer temperatures draw water out of the plants, making them near-perfect kindling. With the hot and dry Santa Ana winds of fall, fires explode out of control.

    Yet these tragedies can't be blame only on global warming. Wildfires are actually a vital of the state's ecosystem. Lodgepole pines (松树), for example, grow well in fire-prone areas where millions of structures have been built in rural areas of California since the 1940s.When they bum, the cost in lives and treasures skyrockets.

Answering these disasters with a one-dimensional solution helps no one, although it might score short-term political points. The proper response includes placing limits on residential expansion into wildlands; better management and removal of dry brushes and continuously addressing the growing concern of climate changes.

    In other words, the solution isn't either/or. It's all of the above.

    Human began farming around 12,000 years ago, and only in the past 50 years have scientists realized we're not the only species to research into agriculture. A new study has revealed that a small Fijian ant species beat us to becoming the first farmers by almost three millions years.

    The ants have been observed carefully sowing seeds, fertilizing (施肥) them, and waiting for them to grow into plants which bear tasty fruit. What led to the formation of this relationship remains a mystery to scientists. But it puts the ants millions of years ahead of the first human societies to use farming techniques.

    The newly discovered relationship is unique to the animal kingdom. Researchers say they have already watched ants spread seeds, and ants feed plants, but they never had a case where they farm a plant they can't live without. The ants rely on the plants for shelter and food, while the plants need the ants to sow and spread their seeds.

    The find puts the ants millions of years ahead of the first human societies to use farming techniques, who began using agriculture around 12,000 years ago.

    As the plants grow under the care of the ants, the plants to keep further growth. Once the plant is big enough, its hollow chambers provide shelter for the ants. It had previously been spotted that the ants like to live in these small chambers, but the Munich researchers have uncovered the true nature of the relationship that ants sow and take care of the plants to grow themselves a new home.

    The ants will eat the fruit of the plant and harvest their seeds for further projects.

While many other examples of mutually (相互地) beneficial relationships between ants and plants exist, the discovery marks the only case in which both parties other for are totally dependent on each other survival.

    Many countries have traditional dishes, made with special ingredients and prepared in a certain way. , and when tourists visit, these are the foods they want to try. But why are some foods more popular than others in certain areas?

Traditional ingredients

    Typical recipes (菜谱) are usually made with native plant and animal products. For example, Korean dishes often include rice and soybeans because both plants are native to East Asia and grow well in hot, wet areas. In contrast, wheat grows well in drier areas, like the Middle East, where bread is a common staple (主要的) food. , whereas inland cuisines tend to use more meat from farm animals.

    Food preservation

    Local cuisines often depend on how people traditionally prepared food for storage. In warm weather, meat and fish can go off quickly, so they must be cooked right away or preserved for later. , For that reason, modem Norwegian cuisine includes many smoked foods.

    Cooking techniques

    . In China, people often fry food in a deep metal pan or steam it in a basket over hot water. In Morocco, people cook traditional dishes in a special pot called a tajine, while in parts of India, people use a large oven, called a tandoor. And some local dishes aren't cooked at all.

    Imported (进口的) ingredients

    Sometimes local cuisines include ingredients that originally came from another place. , while many Russian dishes are made with potatoes. However, all of these ingredients were brought to Europe from South America in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. But now they are common around the world.

A. Seafood is often a key ingredient in coastal areas

B. There is a danger that local food traditions will be lost

C. Many different cooking techniques are used around the world

D. For example, Italian dishes often include tomatoes and peppers

F. Nowadays, we can buy food products from all around the world

E. These local dishes can become symbols of a place and its culture

G. In Norway, the Vikings used to “cure” meat and fish by smoking them over a fire

    If you have been to Harbin in winter, but didn't have a 1 to see people do winter-swimming, I am sure you will feel it's a(n) 2. Can you imagine swimming in a river with the temperature being about 10 degrees below zero? This would be 3 to the people from the South. If you were on the Songhuajiang River, you could not help 4 those brave swimmers.

    I felt greatly excited as well as 5 when I first saw the winter-swimming, though it was very cold that day, the swimmers were only wearing 6 clothes, while all the people watching were having heavy clothes covering all their bodies with only two 7 visible. I had thought that the river was warm, but it 8 much cold when I dipped my hand into the river water. What excited me most was the way they 9 into the river from the high ice-platform and the styles in which they swam, 10 butterfly-stroke and back-stroke.

    My uncle has been 11 about winter-swimming for several years. Now he is a member of the Winter Swimming Club. Once I asked him, “Aren't you afraid of cold? Have you got a 12 from it?” Smiling, he said, “13 we have a strong will, we can surely overcome any 14 and difficulties. I haven't got a cold at all. On the contrary, I have become 15 than I was before “That's true, he 16 suffer from bronchitis. However, since he began to like swimming, he has been fully 17 from the disease.

    Today, more and more people are 18 joining in the winter-swimming, including women and children. This activity shows the great 19 and strong will of the people in Harbin which I think is just what we 20 in our work and study as well.

    Graffiti (涂鸦) and street art are forms of art created on walls or public surfaces. This art is often considered illegal because it is done without the (permit) of the building owners. These art forms (exist) since the times of ancient Greece. But the more modem style began forming in the 1960s in the cities of New York and Philadelphia. “Graffiti” often appears as words- (usual) the names of the artist or their art crew. Graffiti artists write the words in (create) ways and with colorful spray-paint.

    “Street art” is more based images. Artists try to communicate a message through these images. Graffiti and street art can be controversial. They sometimes damage someone's property. Washington has tried to increase its fines for illegal graffiti, , however, is encouraging the creation of public art. America's capital city is trying hard (control) its illegal graffiti problem. At the same time, city officials recognize the value and importune or street art. There is high demand for more artists to make street art legally. But the city offers few (chance) for young D.C. street artists to develop their skills without (break) the law.

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。

修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：1．每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

2．只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。

    On behalf of class, I am write to invite you to attend an art exhibition, what can allow you to enjoy the traditional Chinese paper-cutting. Here are some relevant details about them.

    To begin with, the art exhibition is going to held by the National Museum at 9:00 a.m. on this Sunday. Besides, the exhibition is complete free of charge, so anyone who is interested in paper-cutting can take part in it. Furthermore, all the paper-cutting works on display came from many top artists in China, included various animals, plants and people of all ages in different coloured paper. Last but not least, visitor are allowed to take photos, but you can take your own camera if you want.

1）练武术的好处；

2）武术社团的活动；

3）报名方式及截止日期。

注意：1）词数100左右；

2）可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。