In classes, your teachers will talk about the topics that you are studying.  The information they provide will be important for you to know when you take tests. So you must be able to take good written notes from what your teachers say.

    Here are three stages (阶段) of taking notes and what you should do during each stage.

    Before class

    Review your notes you have taken before you come to class. This will be good for remembering what was covered. Get you ready to understand new information your teacher will provide.

    During class

    Keep your attention on what your teacher is saying and "the signal words" that tell you what your teacher is going to say and it is important to write in your notes.  Examples of signal words are "The most important point.” and "Remember that . . . ” Be sure to include in your notes information that your teacher repeats or writes on the blackboard. Write quickly so that you can include all the important information in your notes. Do this by writing abbreviations such as med for medicine, using symbols such as % for percent, and writing short sentences.

     After class

     Rewrite your notes to make them more complete and accurate (准确的) by changing abbreviations into whole words, symbols into words, and shortened sentences into longer sentences. Use them to answer your questions. If necessary, ask your teacher for help.

    Every year, more than nine million people all over the world come to visit London. They go to the museums and theatres; they look at interesting old buildings or have a drink in a park.

    A quick and easy way to get to different places in the city is to take an underground train. The London underground is one of the best and most widely used transport networks（网状组织）in the world. The trains run all day and most of the night. (3)You'd better not take the underground between eight o'clock and ten o'clock in the morning, or four o'clock and six o'clock in the afternoon. (4) The trains are so crowded that you can hardly move or find a place to sit.

    London's famous red buses form a big part of getting around in London. Although the London underground is the fastest and the simplest way of getting around London, the buses play their part and are an experience you should try at least once. By sitting on the top deck (层) of the bus, you can get a great sightseeing (观光的)  experience of London as well.

    Some special visitors' buses take you to many of the interesting places in the city on one journey.  It takes about one and a half hours, but you can cancel your journey and get off (and on again) at the different places you want to visit.

    London taxis are called "black cabs”. Most of them are black, but some are not. You can stop one if it has a "For Hire (供租用的)n sign on it. The drivers are friendly and helpful.

    In a word, London is a big and beautiful city with Lots to see and to do. Welcome to London.

    Brazil is a country in South America. It will host the 2016 Olympic Games.

    Brazilians are very friendly people and are generally relaxed, so it is important to say hello and goodbye to everyone. Women kiss men and each other, but men usually just shake hands. Brazilians stand very close to each other and touch each other's arms, elbows(肘) and back regularly while speaking. You should not move away if this happens.

    If you go to a business meeting, you are not expected to take a gift. On the other hand, if you are invited to someone's house, you should take a gift—for example, flowers or chocolates. However, you shouldn't take anything purple or black, as these colours are related to death. If you are invited to dinner, arrive at least half an hour late, but always dress well because appearances are very important to Brazilians.

    Football is very important in Brazil. People play football everywhere, and everyone plays. Adults and children play football in their free time. They usually play on football fields, but sometimes they football on the beach or in the street. Brazil has many world-famous footballers, like Pele, Kaka, and Ronaldinho. In total, there are more than 13 million players and 29,208 football clubs.

    Football is not the only popular sport in Brazil. Capoeira is an important part of Brazilian culture. It is a mix of martial arts(武术), exercise and music. People do capoeira in groups. You can watch capoeira groups in the park or in the street. People around the world come to Brazil to learn it.

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    What is life's greatest gift? It is choice. Choice is the ability to choose some actions from a set of things to achieve a goal{#blank#}1{#/blank#}The reason is that it turns us from dumb animals into artists. Choice becomes the tool we use to sculpt（雕刻）our life. The tool doesn't come free, however, for the price of choice is responsibility.{#blank#}2{#/blank#}It is enjoyment.

    Choice is power. Choice is at the heart of life. It's the creative power of life. Life is always changing and we have to make lots of choices{#blank#}3{#/blank#} We often need to check where we are on our journey. We need to ask questions: Am I moving closer to my goals? If not, what action will I take now to make myself realize my goals?

    {#blank#}4{#/blank#}And our life becomes more convenient or comfortable because of them. For example, you decide which stores to shop at and which bus station to go to. But the decisions that we make to sculpt our lives are much more important than deciding where to shop. The more we understand the difference between small and big decisions, the more pleasure we will get.

    Life is like a chess game.{#blank#}5{#/blank#}All chess lovers realize that it isn't necessary to win to enjoy the game. Make the best moves you can under the conditions. Then you can enjoy your life.

A. Why is choice so great?

B. The pleasure is in the playing.

C. In fact, we have to make choices every day.

D. But when we accept and carry it out, we get a great return.

E. Every choice we make leads us closer to or farther from our goals.

    Learning to play an instrument can be one of the most exciting ways to spend your free time. There are many different kinds of instruments to choose from: guitar, piano, violin … There is always one that's right for you. The following may help you make it.

    Make a choice (选择).

    First, you need to choose an instrument that you would like to learn to play.{#blank#}1{#/blank#} This may be the kind of music that you also enjoy listening to.

    Get your instrument.

    When you finish choosing your instrument, you need to buy it. {#blank#}2{#/blank#} Some schools will lend students instruments. Or you can buy a second-hand instrument and it's usually much cheaper.

    Get ready to learn.

    After you get your instrument, you should then make a learning plan. You can have personal(个人的) lessons with a music teacher or go to a music school. {#blank#}3{#/blank#}

    Play for others.

    After you learned to play a song for some time, you should start playing for others. {#blank#}4{#/blank#}

    Then you can try to play for larger groups of people.

    Keep going.

    {#blank#}5{#/blank#} Keep learning as much as you can and practice often. As you learn more, you will get better and better.

A. You can also choose to learn on your own.

B. If it is very expensive, you can borrow one.

C. It is a good idea to start with your family or friends.

D. To become a good musician, you have to keep playing.

E. You could also think about the kind of music you'd like to play.

    Do you think that you are not outgoing enough? Do you want to make more friends, but are too shy? Read the following rules, they will help you.

    1. {#blank#}1{#/blank#}Always be clean. Take a bath, brush your teeth, and try to look nice. Dress in clothes that make you feel good and comfortable. Those make you feel more confident.

    2. {#blank#}2{#/blank#}Try to smile more often at people. It will get them to think that you are friendly. Then they'll talk to you more, even if they don't know you.

    3. {#blank#}3{#/blank#}Some people worry about talking because they think, "What am I going to talk about with that person?" Outgoing people don't even think about it. They just go up to people and say what they think.

    4. {#blank#}4{#/blank#}You can't just talk. People will think that you are self-centered(以自我为中心的). You have to listen to others and give your opinions. Let them know that you care.

    5. {#blank#}5{#/blank#}Don't just stay at home and do nothing. Surf the Internet for news and information, and talk about it when you are with your friends.