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  • 题型:阅读理解 题类:模拟题 难易度:普通

    试题来源:河南省安阳市2018届高三下学期英语毕业班第二次模拟考试试卷

    阅读理解

        Most Americans are worried about new technology. They are concerned that machines, including robots, will take over work now done by humans. These findings come from a new report by the Pew Research Center of Washington D. C.

        About 75 percent of Americans questioned by Pew said automation will increase income inequality between the rich and the middle class and poor. And 64 percent of people expect automation to be so common in America that people will face difficulty finding things to do with their lives.

        Some of the concerns about technology come from a distrust about whether machines will always make the right decision. Many Americans believe humans have better judgement in dealing with. complex matters. One example is selecting a person for a job. Three-quarters of Americans said they would not want to apply for a job that uses a computer program to choose the most qualified person.

        “Most Americans want the government to limit automation. For example, 87 percent support a requirement that all driverless vehicles have a human in the driver's seat who can take control when an emergency occurs. And 85 percent want to limit machines to mostly doing jobs that are dangerous or unhealthy for humans. And only 25 percent expect more jobs to come from automation,” Pew said.

        Mark Zuckerberg, the co-founder of Facebook, spoke last May to graduating seniors from Harvard University in Massachusetts. His talk centered on the uncertain future facing young people. “Our generation will have to deal with tens of millions of jobs replaced by automation like self-driving cars and trucks.” Zuckerherg told the graduates.

        Zuckerberg said young people had better launch(发起)projects that will bring both jobs and direct benefits to the people of the world. He said in his speech that 30000 people worked to put a man on the moon, and millions of people built the Hoover Dam as well as other great projects over the last 100 years.

    (1)What do many Americans think of technology according to paragraph 3?
    A . Useful. B . Effective. C . Dangerous. D . Undependable.
    【答案】
    (2)Why do Americans want a human in driverless vehicles?
    A . To test the new technology. B . To make a driver. C . To ensure personal safety. D . To entertain the passengers.
    【答案】
    (3)W hat did Zuckerberg encourage the students to do?
    A . Refuse self-driving vehicles. B . Create new job chances. C . Focus on small projects. D . Fight against robots.
    【答案】
    (4)Which of the following would be the best title for the text?
    A . New Technology Creates More Jobs B . New Technology Brings More Fairness C . Americans Worry Machines Will Take Jobs D . Robots Make Work Easy to Do for Workers
    【答案】
    【考点】
    【解析】
      

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    阅读理解

        Like many thickly populated urban neighborhoods, Lincoln Park also has rats. A lot of rats. “Every night when I walk down the sidewalk, I see rats, ” says 36-year-oId Kelly McGee, who has come to accept this aspect of city living. “It's an urban area; I don't know what else we can expect.”

    McGee lives just down the block from the old Children's Memorial Hospital, which is about to be torn down as part of a massive redevelopment project. “Construction all over the city often disturbs rats that are living underground,” says Lincoln Park's City Council representative, Alderman Michele Smith. “Every developer has to do active rat reduction on site, ”Smith says. Already, there are poisonous and inviting food boxes all around the old hospital complex. But the developer of the hospital site still warned residents in a recent community meeting that when digging begins later this month, the rat problem could be awful.

    Victoria Thomas, who lives a few miles north of Lincoln Park in Chicago's Lake View neighborhood, says she tried everything from underground fencing to poison traps to wipe out rats, but nothing worked until she got some cats. From the first day she got the cats, Thomas says the rats started to disappear.

    “The cats will kill off a great deal of the initial population of the rats, ”says Paul Nickerson, who manages the Cats at Work program for Tree House Humane Society. “And through spreading their pheromones, a chemical produced by an animal, the cats will keep other rats from filling their absence.” Nickerson says that is what makes the cat program so successful in keeping rats away for the long term. ” The rats are far from stupid. They smell the cats' pheromones so they'll stay out of the cats' territory(领域).”

        After Smith highlighted the program in a recent newsletter, Nickerson and Tree House Humane Society have been getting lots of calls from people seeking their own cat colonies. That means a lot more wild cats that might otherwise be killed out of pity will be cared for while doing something that they love: hunting rats.

    根据短文理解,选择正确答案。

        While residents of wealthy nations tend to have greater life satisfaction, new research shows that those living in poorer nations report having greater meaning in life.

        These findings, published in Psychological Science, a journal of the Association for Psychological science, suggest that meaning in life may be higher in poorer nations as a result of greater religiosity (笃信宗教). As countries become richer, religion becomes less central to people's lives and they lose a sense of meaning in life.

        “Thus far, the wealth of nations has been almost always associated with longevity, health, happiness or life satisfaction,” explains psychological scientist Shigehiro Oishi of the University of Virginia. “Given that meaning in life is an important aspect of overall well-being, we wanted to look more carefully at differential patterns, correlates (相关物), and predictors for meaning in life.”

        Oishi and colleague Ed Diener of the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign investigated life satisfaction, meaning, and well-being by examining data from the 2007 Gallup World Poll, a large-scale survey of over 140,000 participants from 132 countries. In addition to answering a basic life satisfaction question, participants were asked: “Do you feel your life has an important purpose or meaning?” and “Is religion an important part of your daily life?”

        The data revealed some unexpected trends: “Among Americans, those who are high in life satisfaction are also high in meaning in life,” says Oishi. “But when we looked at the societal level of analysis, we found a completely different pattern of the association between meaning in life and life satisfaction.”

        When looking across many countries, Oishi and Diener found that people in wealthier nations were more educated, had fewer children, and expressed more individualistic attitudes compared to those in poorer countries — all factors that were associated with higher life satisfaction but a significantly lower sense of meaning in life.”

        The data suggest that religiosity may play an important role: Residents of wealthier nations, where religiosity is lower, reported less meaning in life and had higher suicide rates than poorer countries.

        According to the researchers, religion may provide meaning to life to the extent that it helps people to overcome personal difficulty and cope with the struggles of working to survive in poor economic conditions:

        “Religion gives a system that connects daily experiences with the coherent whole (连贯的整体) and a general structure to one's life … and plays a critical role in constructing meaning out of extreme hardship,” the researchers write.

        Oishi and Diener hope to reproduce these findings using more comprehensive measures of meaning and religiosity, and are interested in following countries over time to track whether economic prosperity gives rise to less religiosity and less meaning in life.

    阅读理解

        At least 35 percent of Beijing households will be covered by family doctor service at the end of this year. All local households will enjoy the service as of 2020, according to the Municipal Health and Family Planning Commission.

        It is good that Chinese communities can expect more general practitioners(从业者),who do not specialize in any particular area of medicine but who are able to treat the general health problems for people of all ages. By the end of last year over 8 million residents in Beijing had reportedly signed up for family doctor services, accounting for more than 40 percent of the city's permanent population.

        Since 2009 China has launched scores of programs nationwide to ensure citizens have fairer access to elementary public health services ,among which the introduction of family doctors has been one of the most successful. Some regions have issued guidelines on the promotion of the family doctor service. And four months ago, Premier Li Keqiang said in this year's Government Work Report that the service should cover at least 85 percent of the Chinese cities this year.

        The expanding coverage, however, may not guarantee more residents will be offered quality medical services.

        Family doctors in some places rarely visit the families they are assigned to, and some of them have been struggling to solve patients problems either because of their unfitness or because they have too many households to attend to. In some cases, a family doctor might be assigned to see hundreds of residents a day.

        That highlights the need to better the arrangement of medical resources and to offer proper encouragement to family doctors, who should get patients to make appointments rather than employ temporary arrangements.

    阅读理解

        Robots make me nervous — especially the ones which seem to think for themselves. I was embarrassed to admit this till I heard that Bill Gates, the founder of Microsoft, felt the same way.

    Gates said in an interview with the social networking and news website Reddit: "I am in the camp that is concerned about super intelligence. First the machines will do a lot of jobs for us and not be super intelligent. That should be positive if we manage well. A few decades after that though the intelligence is strong enough to be a concern."

        Well, maybe I don't have to worry about my computer and kitchen equipment yet. After I use them I can always pull the plug. But in the future, machines might find a way to prevent us from switching them off. There's a terrible thought!

        Maybe the problem with computers too clever for us is not that they are evil like some we've seen in sci-fi movies. What could put us in danger is that they might be too efficient. That's what philosopher Nick Bostrom from Oxford University believes. He says that machines are indifferent to humans and in pursuit of their own goals, the destruction of people might be just additional damage. Bostrom gives us an example: A machine which might have as its only goal to produce as many paperclips as possible might look at human bodies as extra material for paperclips and go after you. Because it is, well, a machine, it would not take pity on you.

        It's a good thing that American writer Isaac Asimov thought about how far robots can go and left us his three rules of robotics. They state that a robot may not hurt a human being or allow the human being to come to harm.

    I'm glad my machines at home are "dumb". All my cleaner wants to take over is the carpet in my living room. Let's hope they don't create an appliance which wants to take over the world!

    阅读理解

        Little Women is the story of four sisters growing up during the Civil War. Each March (马奇) sister has a different personality. Meg, the oldest, is dignified (端庄) and proper. Jo, next in age, is energetic and wants to be a writer. Beth is shy and quiet and loves music. Amy, the youngest, is spoiled (被宠坏的), a little conceited (自负), and enjoys art. In the following passage, an excerpt(节选)from Chapter 14 Secrets, Jo has a secret surprise to tell her sisters. Laurie is the boy who lives next door, and Hannah is the March's servant. The Spread Eagle is a newspaper in the town.

        In a few minutes Jo bounced (蹦跳) in, laid herself on the sofa, and pretended to read.

        "Have you anything interesting there?" asked Meg, with condescension (屈尊).

        "Nothing but a story, won't amount to much, I guess," returned Jo, carefully keeping the name of the paper out of sight.

        "You'd better read it aloud. That will amuse us and keep you out of mischief (恶作剧)," said Amy in her most grown-up tone.

        "What's the name?" asked Beth, wondering why Jo kept her face behind the sheet.

        "The Rival Painters."

        "That sounds well. Read it," said Meg.

        With a loud "Hem!" and a long breath, Jo began to read very fast.

        The girls listened with interest, for the tale was romantic, and somewhat pathetic (哀婉动人), as most of the characters died in the end. "I like that about the splendid picture," was Amy's approving remark, as Jo paused.

        "I prefer the lovering part. Viola and Angelo are two of our favorite names, isn't that strange?" said Meg, wiping her eyes, for the lovering part was tragical (凄婉).

        "Who wrote it?" asked Beth, who had caught a glimpse(瞥) of Jo's face.

        The reader suddenly sat up, threw away the paper, displaying a red face, and with a funny mixture of solemnity and excitement replied in a loud voice, "Your sister."

        "You?" cried Meg, dropping her work.

        "It's very good," said Amy.

        "I knew it! I knew it! Oh, my Jo, I am so proud!" and Beth ran to hug her sister, wild with joy over this splendid success.

        Dear me, how excited they all were, to be sure! How Meg wouldn't believe it till she saw the words. "Miss Josephine March," actually printed in the paper. How politely Amy criticized (批评) the artistic parts of the story, and offered advice for a sequel (续集), which unfortunately couldn't be carried out, as the hero and heroine were dead. How Beth got excited, and skipped and sang with joy. How Hannah came in to shout in great astonishment at 'that Jo's doin's'. How proud Mrs March was when she knew it. How Jo laughed, with tears in her eyes, as she declared she might as well be a peacock(孔雀) and done with it, and how the 'Spread Eagle' might be said to fly his wings proudly over the House of March, as the paper passed from hand to hand.

        "Tell us about it." "When did it come?" "How much did you get for it?" "What will Father say?" "Won't Laurie laugh?" cried the family, all in one breath as they gathered around Jo, for these foolish, affectionate (痴情的) people had a celebration of every little joy of family.

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