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题型:阅读理解 题类:常考题 难易度:普通

甘肃省兰州市第一中学2017-2018学年高一下学期英语第一次月考试卷

阅读理解

    Parents who help their children with homework may actually be bringing down their school grades. Other forms of parental involvement, including volunteering at school and observing a child's class, also fail to help, according to the most recent study on the topic.

    The findings challenge a key principle of modern parenting where schools expect them to act as partners in their children's education. Previous generations concentrated on getting children to school on time, fed, dressed and ready to learn.

    Keith Robinson, the author of the study, said, "I really don't know if the public is ready for this but there are some ways parents can be involved in their kids' education that leads to declines in their academic performance. One of the things that was consistently negative was their parents' help with homework." Robinson suggested that may be because parents themselves struggle to understand the tasks."They may either not remember the material their kids are studying now, or in some cases never learnt it themselves, but they're still offering advice.

    Robinson assessed parental involvement performance and found one of the most damaging things a parent could do was to punish their children for poor marks. In general, about 20% of parental involvement was positive, about 45% negative and the rest statistically insignificant.

    Common sense suggests it was a good thing for parents to get involved because "children with good academic success do have involved parents", admitted Robinson. But he argued that this did not prove parental involvement was the root cause of that success. "A big surprise was that Asian-American parents whose kids are doing so well in school hardly involved. They took a more reasonable approach, conveying to their children how success at school could improve their lives."

(1)、The underlined expression "parental involvement" in paragraph 1 probably means _______.
A、parents' participation in children's education B、parents' expectation on children's health C、Parents' plan for children's future D、parents' control over children's life
(2)、What is the major finding of Robinson's study?
A、Parents are not able to help with children's homework. B、Parental involvement is not so beneficial as expected. C、Punishing kids for bad marks is mentally damaging. D、Modern parents raise children in a more scientific way.
(3)、The example of Asian-American parents implies that parents should _______.
A、help children realize the importance of schooling B、take a more active part in school management C、set a specific life goal for their children D、spend more time improving their own lives
举一反三
根据短文内容, 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

    Are you new to experiencing relationships ? Well, let me give you some advice on how to have a healthy relationship with your partners.

    Be an honest person with them. Don't hide things from them, and don't lie. Don't be afraid to say things that aren't flattering about yourself. Getting them to trust you is the most important thing in any relationship. If there is no trust, there's nothing there. {#blank#}1{#/blank#}

    Make sure you give them respect. Now, respect isn't just simply treating them nicely. {#blank#}2{#/blank#} You have to learn to adjust to their liking. Basically, learn to study your partner's moods, wants and needs. Don't just think about yourself, but think about what your partners need as well.

    Make sure you are encouraging to your partners. Always be willing to help them and give them honesty and positive things at the time {#blank#}3{#/blank#}. Make them feel you are someone they can count on and build a future with.

    Make sure you have a good sense of humor with them. Laughter is the key to happiness. Laugh a lot with them, and joke with them {#blank#}4{#/blank#}, Laughter may seem silly, but it's the secret to a lot in life. It will keep the sparks alive.

    Make sure the communication is good. This usually goes along with trust, so always communicate how you feel even if it's something that upsets you. {#blank#}5{#/blank#} If they did something that made you unhappy, tell them about it in a respectful manner. It's important to communicate this to them, not to keep it bottled up.

A.There is a lot more to it.

B.Show them your personality.

C.Instead of screaming, talk to them.

D.Laughter keeps the relationship strong and lasting.

E.So please be honest and they'll learn to open up to you.

F.Don't expect too much in a relationship.

G.Your partners should be able to count on you when necessary.

阅读理解

If you're secretly worried about your smart phone addiction, then the new NoPhone might be just the thing you need. It looks and feels exactly like a smart phone, but it does nothing. It's just a piece of plastic that you can carry around in your hand to fool yourself.

Dutch designer Ingmar Larsen came up with the idea as a joke along with his two friends. To their great surprise, the idea received a lot of attention online and people from all over the world started placing requests for NoPhones of their own. So that's when the three friends decided to turn to collecting enough fund for mass production.

    NoPhone is currently a prototype (模型) that will cost only $12 once it hits the market It is 5.5 inches high, 2.6 inches wide and 0.29 inches thick, bringing it quite close to the latest smart phones on the market. It is described as “battery free”, “no upgrades necessary,” “shatter-proof (抗震)”, “waterproof” and “an alternative to constant hand-to-phone contact that allows you to stay connected with the real world.”

“Phone addiction is everywhere,” the designers insist. “It's ruining your dates. It's distracting you at concerts. It's blocking sidewalks. Now, there is a real solution. With a thin, light and completely wireless design, the NoPhone acts as a substitute to any smart mobile device, enabling you to always have a phone to hold without giving up potential engagement with your direct environment.”

If you're interested in NoPhone, but concerned about not being able to take selfies (自拍) anymore. Don't feel upset. The makers do have an upgrade at no extra charge—the mirror sticker. That way, they say, you can enjoy “real-time” selfies with your friends when they're standing right behind you.

阅读理解

    It is sad to learn that fewer of us now own pets. According to Mintel, just 56% of UK households(家庭)today include a pet, compared with 63% in 2012. It is down to our smaller homes. The housing crisis(危机)is taking away one of our life's joys: pets.

    Pets can help us get over serious illness. Pets lessen our anxiety. Pets can be a godsend for people experiencing various forms of mental disorders. As if all that were not enough, pets also help their owners get a date because of complex psychological reasons.

    There do, of course, remain oppositions to the very idea of pets. The charity PET A puts it thus: “This selfish desire to own animals and receive love from them causes immeasurable suffering, which results from selling or giving them away casually, and taking away their opportunity to enjoy their natural behavior.” This is undoubtedly true in some situations. But seen from a different point of view, there's something quite lovely about the story of people and their companion animals.

    What was once a relationship based only on the animal's functional effects—its ability to kill pests(害虫), guard houses, and the like—has developed into something much more about care and love.

    We share 84% of our DNA with dogs. We share 90% of our DNA with mice, for good ness sake. I have no idea how that works. But still pets remind(提醒)us we're part something bigger. Pets break down the barriers between us and the animal kingdom. We may teach pets to roll over, stand up, order takeaways and so on. But they teach us much more: that life is actually really quite short and so should be filled as much as possible with life-giving experiences.

阅读理解

    Hadi Partovi, founder of Code.org believes every student should learn the basics of computer science just like they do math, physics, or biology, regardless of what they want to do in the future. The expert says knowledge about the subject is important to understand how the world around us works and compares it to learning about photosynthesis(光合作用), even though not every student is going to be a botanist. To spark students' interest, he created the “Hour of Code,” which introduces the world of computing to anyone, from ages 14 to 104, in a fun, interactive manner. Observed annually during Computer Science Week, the event now draws tens of millions of kids from over 180 countries.

    The “Hour of Code”, which can be scheduled anytime during Computer Science Week, begins with an introductory video on computer science. Participants can then select from hundreds of fun assignments that are sorted by both grade level and coding experience. Though each project is designed to last just sixty minutes, beginners can deal with as many challenges as they desire.

    To help introduce computer science in classrooms on a more regular basis, Code.org has also developed a catalog of online courses that can be incorporated(纳入)in a school's regular curriculum. Since the nonprofit began offering the courses in 2013, over 704, 000 teachers have signed up to teach introductory computer science to over 22 million students worldwide.

    Thanks to the efforts of the pioneer, about 40 percent of US schools now offer computer science as a subject. The numbers are even higher—an impressive 70 percent—if after-school offerings such as robotics clubs are included. Even more encouraging, eight years ago, just 19, 390 students took an Advanced Placement Computer Science exam. By the spring of 2017, the number had jumped 415 percent to 99, 868.

阅读理解

Vitamin D was recognized a century ago as the cure for rickets, a childhood disease that causes weak bones. Then, in the early 2000s, a pile of studies suggested that low vitamin D levels could be a factor in cancer, cardiovascular(心血管) disease, Parkinson's disease and so on. This simple vitamin seemed to be a cure for whatever troubled us. However, all these observational studies have a fundamental weakness: they can identify a co-occurrence between vitamin D and a disease, but they can't prove there is a cause-and-effect relation.

To look at whether taking vitamin D had curative effects, Manson and her team started the world's largest and most far-reaching randomized vitamin D trial. The study followed nearly 26,000 healthy adults, randomized to receive either 2,000 international units (IU) of vitamin D or a placebo(安慰剂), for an average of 5.3 years. The volunteers were almost evenly split between men and women, and 20 percent of the participants were black.

The results came as a shock. Not only did vitamin D not reduce rates of cancer or heart disease, but the trial also found that vitamin D did not prevent or improve cognitive function, or reduce the risk of bone fractures(骨折). The finding about fractures "was a real surprise to many people," Manson says.

In 2011, the Institute of Medicine established an expert committee to conduct a thorough analysis of all existing studies on vitamin D and health. The committee concluded that the bone-strengthening benefits of vitamin D remain steady when blood levels reach 12 to 16 nanograms per millililter. They also found that there were no benefits to having levels above 20ng/ml. According to measurements of vitamin D levels in the general U. S. population, most had levels of 20 ng/ml or more in 2011. Levels have actually risen since then, meaning that most people don't need to take extra vitamin D.

The ups and downs of vitamin D offer a lesson in humility. The relation between the vitamin and disease is far more complicated than it first seemed and a reminder that scientific understanding is always developing over time.

阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Teaching manners to a young child may seem a little difficult, but it doesn't have to be. This article explores these methods that can help you.

Practice greeting.

{#blank#}1{#/blank#} Try to remind them to say hello to relatives and friends. If they forget to say "hi", gently remind them. Try something like, "That's our neighbor Tom! Do you want to say hello?"

Suggest looking someone in the eye.

It can be hard for anyone, so this step takes a little extra time. {#blank#}2{#/blank#} This can make it feel more like a game and can help them get more comfortable! If you notice your child staring at the ground while talking to someone, gently suggest they look up. {#blank#}3{#/blank#} This can make them extra shy!

Say what they should do.

A "no" without any suggestion may leave your child feeling confused about what to do next. {#blank#}4{#/blank#} This way they know what good behavior they should practice instead.

{#blank#}5{#/blank#}.

Always be kind, polite, and positive in front of your child. You are a positive example to learn from. Consider eating dinner as a family each night. This is a great place to practice polite conversation as well as dinner table manners in particular.

A. Set a good example.

B. Remind them to say"please".

C. Avoid embarrassing them, though.

D. Practicing saying"hello"is the first step.

E. Saying what they should do is a good idea.

F. To practice, ask your child to look you in the eye.

G. It's parents' duty to teach their children to take care of themselves.

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