Where is the true home of hamburger?

     The kind of beef we see in hamburgers , minced(切碎)beef, was possibly invented by Mongolians over 800 years ago. But who first put the beef between pieces of bread and called it a hamburger? Three different cities in the United States all say that they were the first to invent America's favorite food.

     Some people say that Fletcher Davis, from Athens, invented hamburgers. “Old Dave,”as people called him, was selling minced beef sandwiches in his lunch bar as early as the 1880s. Some years later, they say that a group of Germans called①his sandwich a “hamburger” because people from the German city of Hamburger ate this kind of beef.

     Other people believe that the hamburger came from a different American city.②coincidentally, its name was also Hamburg. The Menches brothers were selling pork sandwiches at a fair in 1885, but when there was no more pork, they used minced beef and gave it a new name, the “hamburger”.

     The third possible inventor of the hamburger was Charlie Nagreen, also known as “Hamburger Charlie,”from Seymour. He said that in 1885 he invented the world's first hamburgers. Seymour now celebrates the invention of the hamburger every year. In 1989, it was the home of the world's largest ever burger—over 2,500kg!

      Most middle school students wear uniforms. Some students like uniforms, but ①       don't. However, recently, a Japanese government survey(政府调查) shows that more students in Japan like uniforms now because ②school uniforms are more fashionable(时尚的) than they were before.

      I surveyed some Japanese students about what they thought about school uniforms. I asked them, “Do you like fashionable uniforms?” There were lots of different opinions(观点, 看法).

      Hiromi said, “I like school uniforms because I don't need to choose clothes every day. I think that fashionable uniforms are good. My high school uniform is fashionable, but there is a problem. Fashionable uniforms are too expensive.”

      Miki said that she didn't like fashionable uniforms because she didn't want to ③                        (在制服上花太多的钱). She thought that the uniforms should be changed(被改变). They should be cheaper and easier to get.

      Mitsuaki said, “I don't like school uniforms because I want to look different. I also agree that fashionable uniforms make many students want to wear uniforms in high school. If students like fashionable uniforms, it is good. ”

注意：每个空格只填1个单词。

    More and more British people are deciding not to eat meat and animal products. As a result, vegetarianism(素食主义) is increasing in the UK. According to the Vegetarian Society, 2000 people are giving up meat and “going veggie(素食)” in Britain every week. There's even a National Vegetarian Week organized every year to encourage people to try a meat-free lifestyle.

Vegetarians and vegans

    Vegetarians are people who don't eat or use any animal products. They are becoming more and more common in the UK culture. A recent survey showed that 3 million people (5.7 percent of the country's population) were vegetarians.

A healthy diet

    So why are British people cutting out meat? Many are unhappy about the poor treatment of animals and the effects of meat and fish production on the environment. Worries about food safety, for example mad cow disease, also play a part. Others choose to change their eating habits to get healthier. According to the Vegetarian Society, a meat-free diet could help prevent the certain cancers, as well as heart disease and high blood pressure(压力).

Organic(有机的) farming

    Another rising trend appears in the UK's food production. They want their food to be organically produced. Organic farmers use very few or no chemicals. Organic meat is produced without the use of drugs. Organically farmed animals also have more living space and more good food. According to the Soil Association, three out of every four UK families now buy some type of organic food.

    You may think that English dictionaries have been used for many, many centuries. The spelling of English has always been a problem, but it was more of a problem in the days before a dictionary. In those days people spelt words in different ways which you might find interesting. But it made reading English much more difficult. So dictionaries were invented to encourage everybody to spell the same. In fact, an English dictionary like the kind you use today wasn't made until the time of the Qing Dynasty.

    The largest dictionary in the world is the Oxford English Dictionary, or OED for short. The idea for this dictionary came from an important meeting in Britain in 1857. Twenty-two years later, Oxford University asked James Murray to be the editor of its new dictionary.

    Murray had not been to college. At the age of fourteen, he left his village school in Scotland and taught himself while working in a bank. Later he became a great teacher. After Oxford gave him the job, Murray had a place built in the garden behind his house to do his work. Part of it was one metre underground. In winter he had to wear a heavy coat and put his feet in a box to keep warm. Every morning, Murray got out of bed at five o'clock and worked several hours before breakfast. Often he would work by candle light into the evening.

    Murray hoped to finish the new dictionary in ten years. But after five years, he was still adding words for the letter A! Then others went to work with Murray, and his two daughters were among them. He worked on the dictionary until he was very old. Forty-four years later, in 1928, other editors finished it. It had more than 15,000 words in twelve books. And you thought your English dictionary was big!

    (Zhejiang, Dec. 2) The Liight of Internet Expo opens at Wuzhen, Zhejiang Province, as part of the 2017 World Internet Conference, More than 400 Internet companies, big and small, attended the great event. They include not only industry giants（大公司）such as BMW, Kaspersky, Alibaba and Tencent but also startups that are leaders in some areas of information technology.

    Aliaba s self-service supermarket is a real hit, which shows the future of offline shopping. It allows shoppers to take what they like after scanning a OR code（扫描二维码）． Without waiting in line, it feels like you are picking things from your own table at home.

    In a corner at the expo, the E-take driverless car also gets visitors attention. It is orange and similar in style to a European sports car. It was developed by Zhejiang Hozon New Energy Automobile. A spokesperson for the company said the work of bringing the car to market is progressing well.

    Ofo, a leading bike-sharing company based in Beijing, is present and also has been working on new technology to serve customers. Ofo, working with Huawei Technologies Co, has introduced a smart bicycle lock. It can be unlocked with a smartphonusing near-field communication technology, which is "even easier than scanning a QR code". Li Bofei, a business manager for the company said, "We are trying to make things even easier."

    At the expo, We Doctor Group shows a smartphone. It has a button(按钮)on the back to make things simpler and easier for elderly smartphone users. It allows them to connect to the company's Internet hospital platform ( 平台), which was developed in late 2015.

    Technology is changing our lives, isn't it?

    I live in a large neighborhood. I have lived here since I was born. I have a lot of friends there. Mr. Chan is one of them. He is 85 years old. I enjoy visiting Mr. Chan because he tells me exciting stories about Hong Kong in the past. He also shows me old photos. Yesterday, I visited Mr. Chan after school. I asked him how long he had lived here. This is what he told me:

    "I have lived in the neighborhood since 1993. Before I moved here, I lived in a small village called Pak Mong on Lantau Island. There were many people living in the village when I was young. These years, there are only a few families left. Most families moved to the city for work. I left the village in 1993, when my son moved to the city.

Pak Mong is an old village. There are watchtowers (瞭望塔) around the village. In the old days, soldiers used to stand in the watchtowers and keep guard (站岗). Here is a photo of my school. I went to that school a very long time ago. The school has been closed since 1985.

    I enjoy going to the Kowloon Walled City Park, because it makes me think of my old village. I have visited the park three times since 2004. Would you and your family members like to go to the park with me next weekend?"