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题型:阅读理解 题类:常考题 难易度:普通

河南省郑州市2017-2018学年高一上学期英语期末考试试卷

阅读理解

    Scientists are using robots to study the health of waters in and around Venice, Italy. The robots are designed to act like fish, other underwater creatures and plants. The scientists are working with several universities and research centers as part of a group called subCULTron. The European Union gives money to the project as part of its Horizon 2020 program whose aim is to take great ideas from the lab to the market and support science and innovation (创新) in Europe. The scientists want to use the artificial intelligence of the robots to help humans understand what is happening under the water of the Venice lagoon (潟湖).

    SubCULTron, a collective artificial intelligence project, plans to create the biggest shoal (鱼群) of robot fish in the world. The project's aim is to improve knowledge of the seabed and try to turn human abilities into hi-tech items.

    Alexandre Campo, a computer scientist, says the scientists have looked at the way animals learn to work in groups to understand how robots can learn to work together. The subCULTron project wants its robots to learn to work together so they can watch out for changes and new problems in the water.

    One problem the researchers had in the beginning was how the robots would communicate with each other. Wi-Fi and GPS equipment don't work underwater. Instead,the robots can use sonar (声呐) and an electric field.

    Another problem was charging batteries. The robots come up to the water's surface and stay near a boat or a power station to charge without any electrical cables. Besides, how to be water- proof, especially for some key pads of the robots, was really tough. Fortunately, a special mixture has been created to be pinned on the robot, which successfully stands the test of water.

    The health state of the lagoon is pretty good. There are no industrial polluters, and the city now has a modem sewer (污水管) system. It's not like before when all the waste flushed directly into the water. The robots in Venice will continue their work until 2019. The subCULTron project hopes they develop into “an artificial society underneath the water surface” that serves “a human society above the water”.

(1)、What can we learn about the project in Paragraph 1?
A、Its researchers arc all from universities. B、The European Union has financially supported it. C、It uses robots to clean the waters in and around Venice. D、It is aimed to support science and innovation worldwide.
(2)、What can we infer according to Alexandre Campo?
A、Scientists have got an idea for robots from the animals. B、The robots are working separately to perform their tasks. C、SubCULTron is to turn human abilities into hi-tech items. D、The health state of the lagoon has greatly improved recently.
(3)、The underlined word “they” in the last paragraph probably refers to “      ”.
A、scientists B、animals C、robots D、humans
(4)、What does the author mainly want to tell us in the passage?
A、Robots are coining into our cities soon. B、Animals can tell us how to clean the water. C、Waters in Venice have been greatly cleaned. D、Robot fish watch out for the waters in Venice.
举一反三
根据短文理解,选择正确答案。

    Thirteen can be a challenging age. Not only did I have to adapt to my changing body, I also had to deal with my parents' bitter divorce, a new family and the upsetting move from my country home to a crowed town.

    When we moved, my beloved companion (伙伴), a small brown horse, had to be sold. I was heartbroken and terribly lonely. I couldn't eat or sleep and cried all the time. Finally, realizing how much I missed my horse, my father bought me another horse, Cowboy.

Cowboy was without doubt the ugliest horse in the world. But I didn't care. I love him beyond all reasons.

    I joined a riding club. When Cowboy and I entered the events where the horse was judged by the appearance, we were quickly “shown the gate”. I knew nothing could turn Cowboy into a beauty. My only chance to compete would be in the timed speed events. I chose the jumping race.

    For the whole next month we practiced running and jumping for hours in the hot sun and then I would walk Cowboy home, totally exhausted.

    All of our hard work didn't make me feel confident by the time the show came. One girl named Becky rode a big brown horse in the race events. She always won the blue ribbons (丝带). I sat at the gate and sweated all out while I watched Becky and her horse charge through the court and finish in first place.

    My turn finally came. At the signal, we dashed (猛冲) towards the first fence, jumped over it without trouble and raced on to the next one. Cowboy then flew over the second, third and fourth fences like a bird and I turned him towards the finish line.

    No cheers filled the air. The end of our run was met with surprised silence. Cowboy and I had beaten Becky and her fancy horse by two seconds.

    I gained much more than a blue ribbon that day. At thirteen, I realized that no matter what the chances would be, I'd always be a winner if I wanted something badly enough and worked for it. I can be the owner of my fate.

阅读理解

    I considered an active social life as basic human necessity. Yet when it dawned on me just how much time I was spending socialising, I realised I may be taking it to an extreme. I calculated that, on average, I was spending 22 hours or more each week on social activities. So, to see what would happen to my work output, health and wellbeing, I decided to try and cut out my social life entirely.

    I knew, at times, I filled my schedule simply out of fear of missing out (FOMO), but also as a way to shift focus away from my work. For one month, I declined all in-person activities with friends: going out for drinks; dinners; parties and non-work related events, to see if it would make me more productive, improve my focus and career prospects.

    On day one of the month-long experiment, I had to fight some anxiety over missing out. But as the days passed, I started to relax. I only had one option to consider for Saturday night—to stay home—and this limitation left me more satisfied in my decision. I felt more content working, reading or watching TV.

    While I found more time to work, I also noticed a change in my overall health. I found myself cooking more at home, doing daily exercise, getting to bed earlier each night, reading, and enjoying moments of rest and boredom throughout the day.

    Having no social life left me more free time than I'd imagine. Such idle moments are vital for creativity, and mind wandering has been linked to creative problem solving. During the experiment I found myself regularly brainstorming new ideas and reimagining existing projects.

    Of course socialising is an important way to build work contacts. While one month of no social life did not impact my relationship with existing clients, if I had continued, it may harm my ability to build new ones.

阅读理解

    Do you like air travel with a service dog? Air travel makes some people very nervous. The crowds, the noise and flying itself can cause unease. But there are classes people can take to help them defeat their fear of flying. And, let me introduce similar training for service dogs that suffer the same problem

    Service dogs almost never leave the side of the people they care for. You will see them working on buses, trains and other public transport systems. But the busy environment found at an airport can trouble even the best trained working dog.

    People with disabilities depend on their dogs. They want the animals to safely guide them through security areas. They also need the dogs to remain calm on duty on the plane, even when the flying is not smooth. This takes special training. The Air Hollywood K9 Flight School is one place where such help can be found.

    The school has a piece of equipment that provides the sights, sounds and even the feel of an airplane in flight. It is called a flight simulator, which was built for filming airplane scenes in movies.

    Sandy Alexander has a disability that requires his two-year-old dog, Doc, to be always at his side. Mr. Alexander took the dog to the flight school to get him ready for plane trips. He says Doc did not like the bumpy part of the flight simulation( 模拟).

    Dog trainer Mary Segall is with Canine Companions for Independence. It provides dogs for people with disabilities. Ms Segall says successful training is based on a simple rule: preparation.

    "Dogs need to be exposed gradually and repetitively to stimulation, to the environment, to loud noises, to sounds and to other dogs so that when this experience happens to them on a daily basis, they are able to act in a way that they're used to acting and that they don't get excitable."

    Dog owners who attended the training at Air Hollywood K9 Flight School say they now feel much more at ease about future flight. Their dogs also seem ready for take-off.

阅读理解

Following the old saying of "early to bed and early to rise" I used to go to bed at 10 pm and get up early at 6 am to get ready for school. But that day, as it was cloudy, I continued to sleep for long, thinking it to be the early hours of the day.

Suddenly, I heard a loud voice which startled me up and made me sit upright. It was my mother's voice who was knocking and shouting, "Get up honey. It's 6:45 am already! You are getting late for school!" As it was a cloudy day, I hadn't realized that it was almost 7 and continued dozing for long!

But thank fully that day our pick-up person who generally used to come at 6:50 am got late due to the showers and arrived just in the nick of time when I was ready. By the time we reached school it was a quarter to eight and the drizzle from previous night had finally stopped. I entered the classroom fearing the teacher's anger, but saw only a few students had made it to school. Therefore, the principal declared a holiday. "Hurray!" We all cheered in a chorus at the unexpected holiday and decided to walk back home.

    As it had been continuously drizzling since the previous night there was water all over the place and the roads were impassable. Just then, at a distance my sister and I saw little kids playing in knee-deep water in the streets which touched the play button in us. We quickly approached them and merrily jumped and hopped in the pool of water with them. With shoes in our hands we continued parading on the muddy streets. We were thrilled and our hearts were filled with joy at the sight of the green and fresh leaves on the trees; the frogs drew our attention as we tried to catch butterflies.

    We finally reached home busily playing and laughing with mud-spattered uniforms and shoes. We hurriedly changed our outfits, washed up and sat watching TV with a bowl of hot soup! No doubt, I thoroughly enjoyed this day and secretly prayed for many such days in the future! To this day when it pours, the memories of that eventful rainy day bring a smile on my face!

阅读理解

    Susan couldn't help it. She and her friends began lunch with cheese. Then they ate cheeseburgers and drank milk. Things seemed fine, but then suddenly Susan's stomach started making noise. Her stomach hurt, and, racing to the restroom, she had terrible gas! She was so ashamed. She had been so excited to go to lunch with her friends that she totally forgot to watch how many dairy products (奶制品) she ate! Susan is lactose intolerant (乳糖不耐受的), and eating too many dairy foods can make her feel really sick.

    Lactose intolerance means that the body can't easily digest (消化) a special sugar called lactose. Unfortunately for Susan and millions of other people with this problem, lactose is found in almost all dairy products — cheese, milk and ice cream.

    Our body uses lactase (乳糖酵素) to break lactose into a simpler form of sugar. Once lactose is broken down, it's easy to digest and it provides great energy for the body. But people like Susan don't have enough lactase to break down all the lactose they take in. So, about half an hour to two hours after eating dairy­rich foods, their stomachs begin to hurt and they have gas, making their stomachs get bigger. Sometimes they even get diarrhea (腹泻) when they eat too many dairy foods.

    So how can someone living with this problem still eat out with his or her friends? Here are some tips. If you're going to eat a dairy­rich food like ice cream, eat something that doesn't have any dairy with it, like a salad or a sandwich without cheese. This will help slow digestion, and your body will have time to create more lactase.

 阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

I have collected some examples that should be an inspiration to anyone who desires to be successful. They show that if you want to succeed you should expect failure along the way. I actually believe that failure can encourage you on and make you try even harder. {#blank#}1{#/blank#} The Truly successful things won't be beaten, they take responsibility for failure, learn from it and start all over from a stronger position.

Walt Disney—one of the greatest business leaders who created the global Disney empire of film studios, theme parks and consumer products didn't start off successful. {#blank#}2{#/blank#} Believe it or not, Walt was fired from an early job at the Kansas City Star Newspaper because he was not creative enough! In 1922 he started his first company called Laugh-O-Gram. The Kansas based on business would produce cartoons and short advertising films. {#blank#}3{#/blank#}Walt didn't give up, he packed up, went to Hollywood and started The Walt Disney Company.

Bill Gates-co-founder and chairman of Microsoft set up a business called Traf-O-Data. The partnership between him, Paul Allen and Paul Gilbert was based on a good idea but a flawed business model that left the company with few customers. {#blank#}4{#/blank#}However, Bill Gates and Paul Allen took what they learned and avoided those mistakes when they created the Microsoft empire.

{#blank#}5{#/blank#} I hope that these are inspiration and motivation for everyone who aspires to be successful in whatever way they choose. Do you agree or disagree with me?

A. So, the one thing successful people never do is: Give up!

B. In 1923, the business went bankrupt.

C. He was greatly depressed.

D. Every experience of failure increases the hunger for success.

E. The company ran up losses between 1974 and 1980 before it was closed.

F. Many factors may affect your success.

G. Before the great success came a number of failures.

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