题型:任务型阅读 题类:常考题 难易度:普通
山东省莱芜市2018届高三上学期英语期中考试试卷
It is very important for kids to be courageous. A brave child is more likely to withstand negative peer pressure, say no to temptations(诱惑)and flight the good fight. It boosts kids' resilience(适应力), confidence and willpower as their as well as their learning, performance and school engagement. Here are several ways to develop kids' courage:
Model courage. Kids who watch their parents stick their necks out to do the right thing are more likely to do the same. Then express how good it feels when you conquer your fear instead of taking a shortcut. Your kids will learn how to take on the tough challenge they face by witnessing how you tackle your fears.
Research finds that kids are more likely to be courageous if they believe that their parent them to support those in need. Discuss bravery with your kids: Tell hem Courage is making the choice to do what you know is right even if you are afraid.”
Ask your kids to share their acts of bravery. Learning to be brave takes practice, so encourage your children to do something courageous every day.A mom I talked to had her kids share their brave deeds at dinner time.
Teach your kids how to reduce their fears. If not kept under control, fear can be powerful. You might encourage positive self-talk, such as saying, “I can handle this” or “I have courage to do this.” Or teach your child to take slow, deep breaths to find courage.
A. Talk about values and courage.
B. Courage has other surprising benefits.
C. The good news is that courage can be taught.
D. Teach your child simple strategies to be brave.
E. Let your child see you step out of your comfort zone.
F. In today's uncertain world, kids will need courage and confidence.
G. Then take time to focus on their courageous breakthroughs.
Most people have a list of wishes—things that they think will bring them happiness. Happiness lists are easy to come up with. However, the mechanism behind them is somewhat complicated, since it involves what psychologist Daniel Gilbert calls the greatest achievement of the human brain—the ability to imagine. To imagine what will bring joy to our future selves requires mental time travel, which is a unique human skill resulting from two million years of evolution. We use this skill every day, predicting our future emotions and then making decisions, whether big or small, according to our forecasts of how they'll make our future selves feel.
Yet, our imagination often fails us. When we're lucky enough to get what we wished for, we discover that it doesn't come with everlasting happiness. And when the things we feared come to pass, we realize that they don't crush us after all. In dozens of studies, Gilbert has shown that we can mispredict emotional consequences of positive events, such as receiving gifts or winning football games, as much as negative events, like breaking up or losing an election. This impact bias(影响偏差) —overestimation of the intensity and duration of our emotional reactions to future events—is significant, because the prediction of the duration of our future emotions is what often shapes our decisions, including those concerning our happiness.
Just as our immune systems work tirelessly to keep our bodies in good health, our psychological immune systems routinely employ an entire set of cognitive(认知) mechanisms in order to deal with life's habitual attack of less-than-pleasant circumstances. Actually, our psychological immune system has an impressive feature of its own: the ability to produce happiness. Thus, when life disappoints us, we "ignore, transform, and rearrange" information through a variety of creative strategies until the rough edges of negative effects have been dutifully dulled. When we fail to recognize this ability of our psychological immune systems to produce happiness, we're likely to make errors in our affective forecasting.
Happiness, Gilbert points out, is a fast moving target. As passionate as we're about finding it, we routinely misforecast what will make us happy, and how long our joy will last. In reality, he adds that the best way to make an affective forecast is not to use your imagination, but your eyes. Namely, instead of trying to predict how happy you 'll be in a particular future, look closely at those who are already in the future that you're merely contemplating(冥想)and ask how happy they are. If something makes others happy, it'll likely make you happy as well.
Forecasting Happiness |
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The mechanism behind happiness lists |
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The {#blank#}4{#/blank#} with predicting happiness |
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The functions of the psychological immune system |
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An effective {#blank#}8{#/blank#} to predict happiness |
*Use your eyes {#blank#}9{#/blank#} of your imagination while making affective forecasts. {#blank#}10{#/blank#} others who are in the future that you're contemplating and ask how happy they are. |
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