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题型:阅读理解 题类: 难易度:困难

甘肃省平凉市泾川一中2023-2024 学年高二下学期期末教学质量检测

 阅读理解

A new study examines possible harm caused by microscopic pieces of plastic that end up inside people's bodies. These materials -known as microplastics and nanoplastics - can enter the body through the air or in food or drinks.

One new study suggests the buildup of such plastics inside the body can increase the risk of a stroke, heart attack or death. But the researchers noted the evidence presented cannot prove a direct link between tiny plastic materials and heart problems.

The study involved 257 people who had medical operations to clear blocked blood vessels (血管) in their necks. Italian researchers examined the fatty buildup the doctors removed from the carotid arteries, which supply blood and oxygen to the brain. Using two methods, they found evidence of plastics-mostly nanoplastics that cannot be seen-in the artery plaque(动脉斑块)of 150 patients. No evidence of plastics was seen in 107 patients.

The team followed these people for three years. During that time, 30 individuals, or 20 percent of the group with plastics, had a heart attack, stroke, or died from any cause. These rates dropped to about eight percent among those with no evidence of plastics. Research results were recently published in a study in the New England Journal of Medicine.

The researchers admitted their study was very small. For example, it only looked at people with narrowed arteries who were already at risk for heart attacks and stroke.

Steve Nissen is a heart expert at the Cleveland Clinic in the state of Ohio who was not part of the study. He told the Associated Press he thinks the team's estimate that the risk of heart attack, stroke or death was four times greater seems too high. "It would mean that these microplastics are the most important cause of coronary heart disease (冠心病) yet discovered. And I just don't think that's likely to be right," Nissen said. "Maybe, it's just a wake-up call that perhaps we need to take the problem of microplastics more seriously." Nissen added.

(1)、How did the researchers carry out their study?
A、By doing online surveys. B、By interviewing participants. C、By comparing with former experiments. D、By conducting experiments and analyzing data.
(2)、What did the team find about the 150 patients ?
A、They were in good health before the study. B、No evidence of plastics were found in them. C、20 percent of them died from heart attacks. D、They developed many more health problems than the 107 patients.
(3)、What can be inferred from Nissen's words?
A、There was no relationship between microplastics and heart diseases. B、We should pay more attention to the harm of microplastics to our body. C、The result proved a direct link between tiny plastic materials and heart problems. D、The result was inaccurate because they only looked at people with narrowed arteries.
(4)、Which of the following is the best title of the passage?
A、Tiny plastic materials -- Harmful to our body? B、Tiny plastic materials --Exist in our body? C、Tiny plastic materials --A leading cause of our health. D、Tiny plastic materials -- A direct reason for heart diseases.
举一反三
阅读理解

    Love to sink into your chairs and relax when you get to school? Then you will not be happy to hear that schools all over the world are seriously considering exchanging traditional desks for ones with no seats at all — Yes, that means you will be encouraged to stand through those already too long math and science lessons! Why would anyone even think of putting kids to such cruelty? Experts say it improves their health and helps fight obesity. While that may seem a little far-fetched (牵强的), the officials at the few schools around the world seem to agree.

    Among them are educators from the College Station Independent School District in Texas, who recently completed aweek-long experiment involving 480 students across three elementary schools. The 374 kids that agreed to participate in the study were provided with adevice that helped record step count and calorie consumption over the entireperiod.

    All 25 teachers involved in the study reported that students appeared to be more alert and concentrate better, when allowed to stand. The one thing that did surprise the researchers was that younger kids were more willing to stay standing than kids in higher grades. They believe this may have something to do with the fact that after years ofbeing asked to “sit still”, older kids have a harder time adjusting to this unexpected freedom.

    American schools are not the only ones reporting success with stand-up desks. Four Catholic schools in Perth,Australia, which have been testing them since October 2013, have seen similar results. In May 2014, Grove House Primary School in Bradford, West Yorkshire,became Europe's first test one, with a seven-week trial that involved the useof desks made by Ergotron in their fifth-grade classrooms. While official results are not out yet, early reactions from both teachers and students, have been extremely encouraging.

    The findings of these studies and othersdone previously, all seem to mean that allowing kids to move around in classrooms is a win-win for students and teachers — it helps kids get healthier and provides educators with a more engaged audience.

根据短文内容, 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

    “Three Apples” changed the world. The first one seduced(诱惑)Eve. The second one awakened Newton. {#blank#}1{#/blank#} Here are some famous words from Steve Jobs to share.

    On the character

    I'm the only person I know that's lost a quarter of a billion dollars in one year. {#blank#}2{#/blank#} 

On good design

    That's been one of my mottos-focus and simplicity. Simple can be harder than complex;You have to work hard to get your thinking clean to make it simple. But it's worth it in the end because once you get there,you can move mountains.

    On his outlook

    {#blank#}3{#/blank#} Saying we've done something wonderful when going to bed at night. That's what matters to me.

On your working life

    Your work is going to fill a large part of your life,and the only way to be truly satisfied is to do what you believe is great work. {#blank#}4{#/blank#} If you haven't found it yet,keep looking. Don't settle.

On the importance of death

    No one wants to die. Even people who want to go to heaven don't want to die to get there. {#blank#}5{#/blank#} No one has ever escaped it. And that is as it should be,because Death is even likely the single best invention of life. It is life's change agent. It clears out the old to make way for the new. Right now the new is you,but some day not too long from now,you will gradually become the old and be cleared away.

A. It's very character-building.

B. The third one was in the hands of Steve Jobs.

C. This is not a one-man show.

D. And the only way to do great work is to love what you do.

E. And yet death is the destination we all share.

F. It's really hard to design products by focusing on groups.

G. Being the richest man in the cemetery doesn't matter to me.

阅读理解

    When my brother and I were young, my mom would take us on Transportation Days.

    It goes like this: You can't take any means of transportation more than once. We would start from home, walking two blocks to the rail station. We'd take the train into the city center, then a bus, switching to the tram, then maybe a taxi. We always considered taking a horse carriage in the historic district, but we didn't like the way the horses were treated, so we never did. At the end of the day, we took the subway to our closest station, where Mom's friend was waiting to give us a ride home—our first car ride of the day.

    The good thing about Transportation Days is not only that Mom taught us how to get around. She was born to be multimodal (多方式的). She understood that depending on cars only was a failure of imagination and, above all, a failure of confidence—the product of a childhood not spent exploring subway tunnels.

    Once you learn the route map and step with certainty over the gap between the train and the platform, nothing is frightening anymore. New cities are just light-rail lines to be explored. And your personal car, if you have one, becomes just one more tool in the toolbox—and often an inadequate one, limiting both your mobility and your wallet.

    On Transportation Days, we might stop for lunch on Chestnut Street or buy a new book or toy, but the transportation was the point. First, it was exciting enough to watch the world speed by from the train window. As I got older, my mom helped me unlock the mysteries that would otherwise have paralyzed my first attempts to do it myself: How do I know where to get off? How do I know how much it costs? How do I know when I need tickets, and where to get them? What track, what line, which direction, where's the stop, and will I get wet when we go under the river?

    I'm writing this right now on an airplane, a means we didn't try on our Transportation Days and, we now know, the dirtiest and most polluting of them all. My flight routed me through Philadelphia. My multimodal mom met me for dinner in the airport. She took a train to meet me.

阅读理解

    My elephant adventures began in 1984 when, with our one-year-old daughter, my husband and I crossed the jungle in a jeep, slicking behind a lorry for comfort and company. The elephants standing like watchers on either side of the forest highway had us praying for our safety. One elephant made loud noise and angrily pawed (抓) the ground, warning us off. We raced away before they could attack.

    It was wise to keep elephants at a distance. We heard stories of tourists whose jeeps were overturned, and a couple of photographers were killed because they moved too close. Elephants are misleading animals. They give people an impression of being quiet and kind, so tourists think it's safe to picnic in the jungle (丛林). Yet angry elephants have knocked them down in seconds before they could take off.

    Elephants might make life unpredictable and dangerous. It's difficult for inexperienced environmentalists to even, begin to grasp this reality. I've heard city people say " We humans are encroaching (侵害) on their forests." But what's the solution?

    When a poor farmer borrows heavily to plant a crop, he'll do anything to protect it His life depends on it Elephants ruining an about-to-be-harvested corn field cannot expect to be welcomed like special guests. The battle between beast and farmer is violent.

    Experts are working on solutions to human-elephant conflicts (冲突). Some are sure to fail to like the plans to build electric fences around human settlements. Elephants rapidly figure them out and come in, around and over them.

    There are more questions than answers, for sure. But as my husband said, "More people die in car accidents every single day, in every city on the earth. But they won't take cars off the roads, will they?" So we need to seek practical ways of preventing elephant accidents.

阅读理解

    TOKYO, June 8 (Xinhua) -- The Beijing Organizing Committee of the 2022 Olympic and Paralympics Winter Games held a promotion event in the Japanese capital, Tokyo on Saturday to introduce the latest developments in preparation for the Beijing Winter Olympics.

    The promotion event, which used an exhibition wall and the "Charming Beijing" photo exhibition to showcase the preparations of Beijing 2022, was part of "Beijing Week", a series of activities to commemorate the 40th anniversary of the establishment of sister-city relations between Beijing and Tokyo.

    On the exhibition wall with an area of 33 square meters, Beijing 2022 organizers show cased five aspects including the Beijing Winter Olympics vision, Beijing's winter sports tradition, emblem( 2 í) of Beijing 2022, competition planning and the National Speed Skating Oval.

    At the same time, old photos of the Chinese and Japanese ice hockey teams echoed the 40th anniversary of the establishment of sister-city relations between the two cities and the theme of the Beijing Winter Olympics.

    The promotion videos of the Beijing 2022 emblems, as well as other related video clips, drew great interest of the audience.

    The "Charming Beijing" photo exhibition displayed some of the Winter Olympic venues, showing the progress of the preparations for the Beijing Winter Olympics.

    Meanwhile, sand table, VR glasses and the "Beijing Winter Olympics Brochure" are also provided to let the audience visually experience the unique charm of the National Speed Skating Oval and the features of other competition venues.

    Chang Yu Director General of the Media and Communications Department of the Beijing Winter Olympic Organizing Committee, introduced the progress of the preparations 2022 and the vision of cooperation between Beijing 2022 and Tokyo 2020.

    Chang Yu said that the Beijing Winter Olympics Organizing Committee stays committed to with the aim of delivering a hosting the Games in a green, inclusive, open and clean manner, with an aim of delivering a fantastic, extraordinary and excellent Olympic event to the world.

    The Beijing Winter Olympics will open on February 4, 2022, which will feature sports, 15 disciplines and 109 events.

阅读理解

    Wong Fuk-wing, a Hong Kong volunteer at an orphanage (孤儿院) in Yushu, was killed in the earthquake when he was trying to save others on April 14, 2010.

    Wong managed to run safely out of the building with some children when the first quake happened at 7:50 am on April 14, but he went back inside to rescue three other children and three teachers inside, although he knew the danger of aftershocks (余震).

    At 10 am, all the children and one of the teachers were saved. However, Wong was buried under the fallen building and died. The other two teachers were still waiting to be rescued.

    46-year-old Wong was a truck driver, who often said he could only give his efforts to charity instead of money, as he did not earn a lot. His tragic (悲剧的) end touched the hearts of many people both in Hong Kong and on the mainland.

    Wong began volunteering in 2002. In 2003, Wong was told by the doctor he got serious illness, which gave him a great blow. However, the illness did not deter the warm-hearted man. When the earthquake struck Wenchuan in Sichuan Province in 2008, Wong rushed to the disaster area of Shifang to offer his help though his family did not want him to go.

    In fact, Qinghai is a place Wong had often visited since 2006. As a volunteer, he gave out medicine and clothing to the orphanage there. No one could expect that Wong would die helping others.

    Hong Kong Chief Secretary Henry Tang Ying-yen said he had "the highest respect" for the hero who gave his life for others. "What he did has shown the Hong Kong spirit." The citizens of Hong Kong called him "the pride of Hong Kong's people" and people on the mainland have also praised him as "a true hero".

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