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题型:阅读理解 题类: 难易度:普通

上海市宝山区2023-2024学年高二下学期期末考试英语试题

 Reading Comprehension

To the Editors:

I am surprised to read that Dr. Strojnik ("Direct Detection of Exoplanets," September-October2023) states that we have not yet and cannot directly image exoplanets (外部行星). This is incorrect. NASA/IPAC has a list at exoplanetarchive.ipac.caltech.edu/does/imaging.html.

One example is an image of 51 Eridani b. The planet is 2.6 times as massive as Jupiter and has the same radius (半径).

Gerard Kriss

Space Telescope Science Institute

Dr. Gerard:

I am pleased that my article brought a response. The phrase "planet detection" arouses in people's imaginations beautiful images of planets that are creative artistic representations of novel worlds. But a blur of brightness is not an image.

Exoplanet researchers routinely call videos such as the one below of 51 Eridani b "direct images" because the planet's light has been separated from that of its star. "Directly imaged" is the standard language of exoplanet astronomy. But to an optical (光学的) scientist such as myself, there is a strong distinction between direct detection (the planet's light separated from the light of its star) and direct imaging (a proven picture of the exoplanet). From an optical researcher's perspective, a single bright spot simply is not an image.

Indeed, even the word "direct" in direct detection is debatable from an optical researcher's point of view. The detection of the light of the exoplanet requires significant processing, adding multiple images and removing starlight based on theoretical models of the source signal.

But the interpretation of a bright spot as a planet is only possible upon visual inspection and optimistic thinking. As an optical scientist, I cannot look at a single spot and call it an image of exoplanets. A trajectory (轨迹), or a series of bright points, is not an image of a planet, although it very likely represents something that nowadays is described as an exoplanet.

Marija Strojnik

(1)、____ is the main disagreement between Marija Strojnik and Gerard Kriss.
A、The definition of a planet B、The importance of detecting exoplanets C、The artistic representation of exoplanets D、The use of the term "direct imaging"
(2)、How does Dr. Strojnik feel about the interpretation of a bright spot as an exoplanet?
A、She supports it, as it is a common practice in exoplanet astronomy. B、She approves of it, although it does not provide a clear picture of the exoplanet. C、She believes it is only possible through visual observation and positive assumption. D、She considers the interpretation to be debatable, as it requires significant processing.
(3)、Where can you find these two letters?
A、In the textbook. B、In a local newspaper. C、In a published essay. D、In a science journal.
举一反三
任务型阅读

    While it's wonderful to share a special trip with friends or family, traveling alone is another experience. {#blank#}1{#/blank#}

1). Meet new people.

    People who are traveling alone seem more approachable to others. Before you know it, you could be chatting with some interesting folks at a sidewalk cafe or even joining a group of like-minded people on the beach. {#blank#}2{#/blank#}

2).Do everything you want and nothing you don't want.

    Have you ever been hesitant to do that half-day at the spa you are eager for because you feel bad leaving your travel partner with nothing to do? {#blank#}3{#/blank#} If you want to “waste” the day sitting at an outdoor bar drinking a cocktail instead of sightseeing, you won't have to answer anyone.

3).{#blank#}4{#/blank#}

    If traveling makes you a good, smart person, then traveling alone makes you better and smarter. Taking a trip by yourself might seem frightening. However, once you take the courage and get over your fears, you'll feel a sense of energy. A successful single vacation can inspire you to try new things in life.

Great service.

    For some reason, service at hotels and restaurants seems better when you're traveling alone. {#blank#}5{#/blank#} And it's possible that when you make it known, you could be offered a better room or a free cocktail.

A.The key is to keep an open mind and keep safety in mind.

B.Travelling  alone makes you truly listen to your inner thoughts.

C.When you travel alone, you don't need to please anyone but yourself.

D.Here are four good reasons why you should try it.

E.It is refreshing.

F.Cheering up.

G.People tend to admire those who travel alone.

根据短文理解,选择正确答案。

    Many years ago, I made a living by driving a car. One night I went to pick up a passenger at 2:30 am. When I arrived to collect, I found the building was dark except for a single light in a ground floor window.

    I walked to the door and knocked.“Just a minute,” answered a weak, elderly voice.

    After a long pause, the door opened. A small woman in her eighties stood before me. By her side was a small suitcase.

    I took the suitcase to the car, and then returned to help the woman. She took my arm and we walked slowly towards the car.

    She kept thanking me for my kindness.“It's nothing,” I told her, “I just try to treat my passengers in the way I would want my mother treated.”

    “Oh, you're such a good man,” she said. When we got into the taxi, she gave me an address, and then asked, “Could you drive through downtown?”

    “It's not the shortest way,” I answered quickly.

    “Oh, I'm in no hurry,” she said.“I'm on my way to a hospice(临终医院). I don't have any family left. The doctor says I don't have very long time.”

    I quietly reached over and shut off the meter(计价器).

    For the next two hours, we drove through the city. She showed me the building where she had once worked, the neighborhood where she had lived, and the furniture shop that had once been a ballroom where she had gone dancing as a girl.

    Sometimes she'd ask me to slow down in front of a particular building and would sit staring into the darkness, saying nothing.

    At dawn, she suddenly said, “I'm tired. Let's go now.”

    We drove in silence to the address she had given me.

    “How much do I owe you?”she asked.

    “Nothing,” I said.

    “You have to make a living,” she answered.“Oh, there are other passengers, ”I answered.

    Almost without thinking, I bent and gave her a hug. She held onto me tightly. Our hug ended with her remark, “You gave an old woman a little moment of joy.”

阅读理解

    Whenever we talk about holidays, my mother teases my sister and me about how we “make out like robbers.” She is referring to the fact that we are half Jewish and half Indian, so we receive gifts on both the festivals of lights: Hanukkah and Diwali. Though my mother teases us, I do not mind getting two sets of gifts!

    Hanukkah is celebrated on the 25th day of the Jewish month, which is usually sometime in December. On Hanukkah, like most Jewish families, we light a menorah and say a prayer each night. We also say a special prayer on the first night. After that, it is a tradition for my sister and me to do 'hot and cold' for our hidden Hanukkah gifts. When we walk towards the gift, our parents say 'hot' and when we walk further away, they say 'cold'. We each receive one present every night of Hanukkah. Another part I like about this holiday is seeing family members who we do not see often. My aunt usually stays for a few days, and we sometimes visit other relatives.

    Diwali is celebrated on the 13th day of the dark fortnight of the month of Ashwin (October/November). To celebrate Diwali, my family does a pooja, or prayers, in honor of the goddess Lakshmi. Since she is the goddess of wealth and prosperity, the pooja includes washing silver coins in milk and water. In India, people decorate their houses with lamps, similar to the way you might light up your house for Christmas. My family just places a few candles outside. We also set off firecrackers, which is my favorite part. We often do this activity with friends to add to the excitement.

    Both holidays have different histories and stories. We celebrate them in different ways, yet they both have the same meaning. They both translate into Festival of Lights, and they both mean family and presents for me!

阅读理解

    If it had not been for Fan Jinshi and her team, the world cultural heritage at Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes in a remote Chinese desert might have long been destroyed by sand, weather or humans.

    Born and raised in Shanghai, Fan has spent half a century fighting an uphill battle to preserve the ancient Buddhist wall painting at Dunhuang, in Northwest China's Gansu Province. The 1,651-year-old Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes are a huge collection of Buddhist art—more than 2,000 buddha figures and 45,000 square meters of paintings spread among 735 caves. It is China's first UNESCO World Heritage Site.

    Archaeologist Fan was sent to Dunhuang after graduation from Peking University in 1963. While in Dunhuang, a remote village in the desert then, Fan lived in an abandoned temple. At first, she did not even dare to go out to the toilet at night. To protect the treasures from sand and dampness, Fan and other workers put doors on the caves, planted trees and started monitoring temperature and humidity in the caves. They also controlled the number of visitors.

    In the late 1990s, with tourism booming nationwide since national holidays were extended, the local government planned to go public with Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes, but found Fan firmly in their way. “The heritage would have been destroyed if it had been listed,” she said.

    Dunhuang Academy has now photographed and cataloged online all the sculptures and paintings. “Despite our efforts to minimize damage, we can't completely stop them from being eroded. But the digital database will last.”

    Fan was grateful when her husband joined her in Dunhuang in 1986 after 19 years of separation. Her two sons grew up in Shanghai with their aunt.  “I have not been a good mother or wife. With regard to my family, I'm full of guilt,” she said. Fan, 79, retired two years ago as the director of Dunhuang Academy but continues her efforts as a national political adviser.

阅读理解

    Adopting (领养) a new pet should be an exciting and rewarding experience. But just as all families are different, so are all pets. Learn what to consider before you find your new furry family member.

    All pets require their owner's time, so Theisen, an expert in pet care, says how much time you can give to the pet is the top thing to consider. "If you adopt a 4-year-old cat, she's not going to need the same amount of care as a 9-week-old dog". says Theisen.

    Like dating and finding the perfect partner, you want a pet that shares your interests and activity levels, particularly if you're looking for dogs. "Consider activity levels in the family," says Theisen. "If you're a couch potato, or in other words, a homebody, look for a pet that matches that activity level."

    Some dogs, like Dalmatians and Terriers, can be loud and noisy and demand a more active lifestyle and room to be outside; they might not fit as well in close living situations as more sedentary pets. The Humane Society of the United States encourages potential owners to research books and websites and talk to other pet owners when considering adopting a new pet.

    Theisen says that potential owners should go beyond the first impression of loveliness and watch how the animals interact with them. "There are dogs that will jump to the gate to meet you," says Theisen. "And there are dogs that sit there with their sad doggy eyes — you know they're not going to be high-energy dogs".

    Some exotic pets, like tortoises and parrots, are likely to live longer than dogs and cats — and even their human owners. They can also grow to be much larger than they were when they first came to live with their owners. Owners should make sure that their living situations should be continually updated and also prepare for the animal's future.

阅读理解

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