题型：阅读选择 题类： 难易度：困难
江西省上饶市广信区四十八中学2023-2024学年八年级下学期6月英语检测卷
In the Beijing Winter Olympics, we were treated to incredible displays of athletic talents as competitors took to the snow and ice. As a popular sport at the Winter Olympics, ski jumping is one of the best examples to showcase the "superhuman" power of athletes.
Ski jumpers soar into the air and appear to be almost flying in the sky. How do they achieve this? Physics can offer us an explanation of how they make it. It involves the use of the laws of aerodynamics (空气动力学) to fight against gravity and increase lift while reducing drag.
To understand how ski jumping works, we need to consider three elements: gravity, lift and drag. Gravity is the force that pulls us towards an object. Lift occurs when an object is moving through the air—as its surface comes into contact with air particles (微粒), the particles are pushed down and away from the object, allowing it to move up. At the same time, this interaction creates drag, and slows down an object's movement.
While there is nothing that the skiers can do about gravity, they can twist their bodies into positions that allow them to achieve greater lift and avoid as much drag as possible. According to the Smithsonian Magazine, "To do this, athletes try their best to make their skis and body nearly parallel to the ground and place their skis in a V-shape just outside the form of the body. This position increases the surface area that produces lift and puts them in the ideal angle that will also maximize (最大化) lift."
Because of how the sport works, athletes' equipment is strictly controlled according to weight and height in order to avoid any unfair advantages. This means suits must be tight in order to ensure athletes cannot use them as a way to gain more lift. For athletes, minor day-to-day water weight changes as little as 300 grams. It can mean that suits will not be tight enough according to their body mass indexes (体重指数).
a. Keep their bodies and skis parallel to the ground.
b. Change their positions as little as possible.
c. Position their skis in a V-shape when they jump.
d. Increase the angle as much as possible.
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