新型混合动力汽车具有节能、低排放等优点,当混合动力汽车启动或低速行驶时,内燃机不工作,蓄电池向车轮输送能量;当需要高速行驶或蓄电池电能过低时,内燃机启动,既可以向车轮输送能量,又可以给蓄电池充电,提高了内燃机的效率,如图所示是该汽车内燃机工作时热机的能量走向图。若该车在某次高速行驶测试中,内燃机启动消耗了
![](http://math.21cnjy.com/mml2svg?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E8%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmtext%3EL%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
汽油,汽油的密度为
![](http://math.21cnjy.com/mml2svg?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E0.71%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmo%3E%C3%97%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmsup%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E10%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E3%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmsup%3E%3Cmsup%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmtext%3Ekg%2Fm%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E3%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmsup%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
, 匀速行驶了
![](http://math.21cnjy.com/mml2svg?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E25%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmtext%3Ekm%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
。查阅资料发现此过程中汽车发动机提供的牵引力为
![](http://math.21cnjy.com/mml2svg?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E4000%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmtext%3EN%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
,
![](http://math.21cnjy.com/mml2svg?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E8%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmtext%3EL%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
汽油完全燃烧释放出的热量是
![](http://math.21cnjy.com/mml2svg?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E3.6%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmo%3E%C3%97%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmsup%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E10%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E8%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmsup%3E%3Cmtext%3EJ%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
, 蓄电池的电能增加了
![](http://math.21cnjy.com/mml2svg?mml=%3Cmath+xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F1998%2FMath%2FMathML%22%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E5.12%3C%2Fmn%3E%3Cmo%3E%C3%97%3C%2Fmo%3E%3Cmsup%3E%3Cmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E10%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3Cmn%3E7%3C%2Fmn%3E%3C%2Fmsup%3E%3Cmtext%3EJ%3C%2Fmtext%3E%3C%2Fmrow%3E%3C%2Fmath%3E)
。此过程中,
(1)内燃机消耗的汽油的质量是多少?
(2)牵引力做的功是多少?
(3)内燃机的效率是多少?
![](http://tikupic.21cnjy.com/ct20241o/f1/94/f194932027a15e8c73c8857b4f8b7c2e.png)