题型：任务型阅读 题类：常考题 难易度：困难
江苏省南通中学2016-2017学年高二上册英语12月月考试卷
Some students get so nervous before a test, they do poorly even if they know the material. Sian Beilock has studied these highly anxious test-takers.
Sian Beilock: “They start worrying about the consequences. They might even start worrying about whether this exam is going to prevent them from getting into the college they want. And when we worry, it actually uses up attention and memory resources. I talk about it as your cognitive horsepower that you could otherwise be using to focus on the exam.”
Professor Beilock and another researcher, Gerardo Ramirez, have developed a possible solution. Just before an exam, highly anxious test-takers spend ten minutes writing about their worries about the test.
Sain Beilock: “What we think happens is when students put it down on paper, they think about the worst that could happen and they reappraise the situation. They might realize it's not as bad as they might think it was before and, in truth, it prevents these thoughts from appearing suddenly when they're actually taking a test.”
The researchers tested the idea on a group of twenty anxious college students. They gave them two short math tests. After the first one, they asked the students to either sit quietly or write about their feelings about the upcoming second test.
The researchers added to the pressure. They told the students that those who did well on the second test would get money. They also told them that their performance would affect other students as part of a team effort.
Professor Beilock says those who sat quietly scored an average of twelve percent worse on the second test. But the students who had written about their fears improved their performance by an average of five percent.
Next, the researchers used younger students in a biology class. They told them before final exams either to write about their feelings or to think about things unrelated to the test.
Professor Beilock says highly anxious students who did the writing got an average grade of B+, compared to a B- for those who did not.
Sain Beilock: “What we showed is that for students who are highly test-anxious, who'd done our writing intervention, all of a sudden there was no relationship between test anxiety and performance. Those students most prone to worry were performing just as well as their classmates who don't normally get nervous in these testing situations.”
But what if students do not have a chance to write about their fears immediately before an exam or presentation? Professor Beilock says students can try it themselves at home or in the library and still improve their performance.
Title: Overcoming test | |
Problem | Some students get nervous before a test, so they can't doeven if they know the material. |
Reason | about the consequences them their attention and memory resources. |
Solution | Write down their worries to the negative thoughts appearing suddenly. |
Results of the researches | College students: with those sitting quietly, students writing about their fears improved their performance. |
Younger students: highly anxious students who did the writing instead of things unrelated to the test got grades. | |
ways to solve the problem | If students have no to write about their fears immediately, they can try it themselves at home or in the library. |
A study published Monday found that people who sleep less tend to be fat，and experts said it's time to find out if more sleep will fight fatness.
“We've put so much emphasis on diet and exercise that we've failed to recognize the value of good sleep，”said Fred Turek，a physician at Northwestern University.
Monday's study from Eastern Virgnia Medical School in Norfolk covered 1,000 people and found that total sleep time decreased as body mass index－a measure of weight based on height increased.
“Men slept an average of 27 minutes less than women and overweight and fat patients slept less than patients with normal weights，”it said.In general the fatter subjects slept about 1.8 hours a week less than those with normal weights.
“Americans experience insufficient sleep and fat bodies.Clinicians are aware of the burden of fatness on patients，”the study said.
“Our findings suggest that major extensions of sleep time may not be necessary，as an extra 20 minutes of sleep per night seems to be associated with a lower body mass index，”it added.
“We caution that this study does not set up a causeandeffect relationship between restricted sleep and fatness，but investigations indicating success in weight loss via extensions of sleep would help greatly to set up such a relationship.”
The study was published in the Archives of Internal Medicine along with an editorial by Turek and Northwestern colleague Joseph Bass commenting on it and related research.
In an interview，Turek said some studies have shown the lack of sleep causes declines in an appetiteholding back protein hormone，and increases in another hormone that cause a longing for food.“In addition neuropathies(神经疗法)in the brain governing sleep and fatness appear to overlap(部分重叠)，”he said.
“Fatness has been rising dramatically in developed countries and reached epidemic(流行病)levels in the United States，”it added，“leading to a variety of health problems.”
A new study having been {#blank#}1{#/blank#} | ||||
{#blank#}2{#/blank#} | in the past | diet and {#blank#}3{#/blank#} | ||
this time | sleep | |||
A study from Eastern Virginia Medical School | People | 1,000 were {#blank#}4{#/blank#} | ||
difference | Men slept 27ms less than women on {#blank#}5{#/blank#} | |||
Americans' problem | {#blank#}6{#/blank#} sleep and fat bodies | |||
conclusion | Weight loss set up {#blank#}7{#/blank#} between sleep & fatness. | |||
Reason | Less sleep causes protein hormone to {#blank#}8{#/blank#} | |||
concern | developing countries | rising with {#blank#}9{#/blank#} speed | ||
in the USA | quite {#blank#}10{#/blank#} | |||
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