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题型:阅读理解 题类:常考题 难易度:普通

江苏省南通中学2016-2017学年高二上学期英语12月月考试卷

根据短文理解,选择正确答案。

    Have you ever seen a real night sky that looks like Van Gogh's Starry Night? I hope not! So, why would an artist paint the sky this way? Perhaps I can answer that with another question. When you're happy, why do you sing instead of speaking? Or when you're in love, why do you speak of roses and honey? When we do these things, we, too are artists. We're using something that goes beyond a mere scientific description in order to communicate our feelings more powerfully than straightforward words can. So consider for a moment that Van Gogh might not have been hallucinating on the night he painted this. Maybe he felt something so powerful that he had to go beyond the familiar to express it.

    I hope I'm reminding you of something you already know as I describe the experience of being outside at night under a crystal clear sky that makes everything seem clean and refreshing. So you look up. And suddenly you see the sky that you've seldom seen before. It's not just the same old dark night sky tonight. Instead, the blackness is a deep, rich blue that is more bottomless than any ocean. The stars are not spots of light but brilliant, magical diamonds that dance like tiny angels. In just this special moment, the sky is somehow alive, and it seems to speak to you silently about the meaning of infinity.

    Now look at the painting again. Can you see something of what makes this such a famous and well-loved image? But there's more here than that. Van Gogh painted this while he was quite struck down by a mental disease. It is natural to imagine that he frequently battled the fear that he would never escape his prison to true freedom. It is natural for us to imagine this because each of us has faced our own personal prison, whether it be disease, the loss of a loved one, serious financial problems … In such moments it is tempting to give up to despair and collapse in hopelessness.

    Looking at this painting, I imagine Van Gogh in just such a moment of despair, when he is struck by the memory of one of those amazing night skies. He recalls the sense that he is not alone, that there is a living, infinite world with rich colorful creatures and scenes all around.

    And so the sky flows across the canvas full of vitality and power. The stars don't just sparkle; they explode. Looking closer, we notice that the earth itself seems to respond to the movement in the sky, forming its own living waves in the mountain and rolling trees. In the sleepy village, the windows of the houses glow with the same light that brightens the universe. The giant trees at the left seem to capture the joy by stretching upwards toward the sky.

    What a tremendous message of hope there is in this masterpiece! Even if our troubles persist, the world around us assures us that life is worth living. That's what the angels sing about. Doesn't it make you want to sing, too?

(1)、Looking at the painting Starry Night, we can see all the following except ________.
A、the singing angels B、the giant trees C、the sleeping village D、the sparkling stars
(2)、Van Gogh does NOT describe a feeling of ________ through the Starry Night.
A、happiness B、vitality C、power D、despair
(3)、What is the main purpose of this passage?
A、To explain how Van Gogh painted the Starry Night. B、To tell us how to appreciate the Starry Night. C、To prove Van Gogh was in a hallucinating state of mind while painting the picture. D、To show us the beauty of the sky on a Starry Night.
举一反三
阅读理解

    When she looked ahead,Florence Chadwick saw nothing but a solid wall of fog.Her body was numb (麻木的).She had been swimming for nearly sixteen hours.

    Already she was the first woman to swim the English Channel in both directions.Now,at age 34,her goal was to become the first woman to swim from Catalina Island to the California coast.

    On the morning of July 4th,1952,the sea was like an ice bath and the fog was so thick that she could hardly see her support boats.The wind was strong and it was raining heavily.Against the cold water of the sea,she struggled on—hour after hour.Millions of people at home were watching her in front of the television.

    In one of the boats,her mother and her trainer tried their best to encourage her.They told her it wasn't much farther.But all she could see was fog.They urged her not to give up.She never had...until then.With only a half mile to go,she asked to be pulled out.

    After thawing her cold body several hours later,she told a reporter,“Look,I'm not excusing myself,but if I could have seen land I might have made it.” It was not tiredness or even the cold water that defeated her.It was the fog.She was unable to see her goal.

    Two months later,she tried again.This time,despite the same thick fog,she swam with all her strength and her goal clearly pictured in her mind.She knew that somewhere behind that fog was land and this time she made it! Florence Chadwick became the first woman to swim the Catalina Channel!  

阅读理解

    A cellphone is one of the few things that we hold close to our faces all the time, and yet it could possibly explode - this is what made the recent Samsung's Galaxy Note 7 smart-phone accidents so shocking.

   According to technology news website The Verge, flawed(有瑕疵的)phone batteries might be to blame.

    Even if you are not a science student, you probably know that it is common sense that the anode (the negative(负的)end of the battery) and the cathode (the positive end) should never touch. If they do, the battery will short-circuit(短路), causing a powerful electrical reaction that can destroy the battery and cause a fire.

    This is why all lithium-ion(锂离子)batteries - the kind that can be found in many of our devices like tablets and cameras - have a separator layer inside to stop the two ends from touching one another.

    But somehow, the separators in some of the Samsung phones broke, causing explosions.

    Overcharging is another problem that can make batteries heat up quickly. Fortunately, most batteries are designed to be able to automatically stop charging once they are fully charged. But again, this somehow failed to happen in some of the Samsung phones.

    The two “somehows” may sound random(随机的)and hard to explain. But they actually both come from the fact that phone producers have been pushing the limits of batteries to meet customers' demand for a longer battery life.

    According to Lynden Archer, a materials scientist at Cornell University, US, we have already achieved 90 percent of the battery life possible from a lithium-ion battery. Customers' demand that their devices get thinner has also given producers little choice but to try to put more power into thinner batteries.

     “The more energy you put into a box, the more dangerous it's going to be,” Billy Wu, a lecturer at Imperial College London, told The Guardian.

    A thinner battery also means producers have to use thinner material for separators, and thinner material has more chance of breaking.

阅读理解

    Bees and other pollinators(传粉者)  use smells to track down fresh flowers. Air pollutants can weaken those scents(气味).  Scientists had worried this might make it harder for some pollinators to find a meal.

    Many animals help pollinate plants. Species that do this include bees, butterflies, etc. But for many reasons, the pollinators available to help plants in this way are decreasing. Scientists think a loss of habitat(栖息地)can be one factor. Diseases and exposure to poisonous chemicals also count.

    Jose Fuentes points to air pollution as another possible factor. He's an atmospheric scientist at Pennsylvania State University. In an earlier study, he showed some air pollutants could weaken or destroy scents emitted(发出)by flowers.

    Searching for a meal leaves pollinators out in the open and at risk of becoming other animal's lunch. And any time spent hunting food is time away from their duties back home, like protecting a hive(蜂巢)or nest, explains T'ai Roulston. He's an insect biologist at Virginia University. Roulston worked with Fuentes on the new study.

    In the study, the researchers focused on five kinds of representative scent molecules(分子)plants emit. One molecule they looked at, for example, is called beta-myrcene. Many flowers give off this chemical into the air.  Normally, this gas can travel some 800 meters from its flower source. But in polluted air, this same molecule could travel only half as far.

    Worse still, air pollution might do more than just weaken scent plumes(气味烟云).Chemical reactions between air pollutants and plumes may transform the flowers' smells, creating new scents. And these scents may be unrecognizable to pollinators.

    That's certainly Fuentes' concern.  So, he says his next research project will look at how insects handle any new flower scent. "It's possible that some insects will change ways to detect and use these new molecules to find food," he says.

阅读理解

    Scientists recently discovered three tyrannosaur (霸王龙) trackways in Canada. The trackways suggest the meat eaters traveled and hunted in groups. The 70-million-year- old footprints are the first tyrannosaur trackways ever found.

    Tyrannosaurs were a type of meat-eating dinosaur that included the strong Tyrannosaurus rex and Albertosaurus. “Groups of tyrannosaurs may have stuck together as a group to increase their chances of bringing down animals and individually surviving,” study coauthor Richard McCrea says. He works for Canada's Peace Region Paleontology Research Centre. It's believed that tyrannosaurs were solitary creatures. The newly discovered trackways could change the way scientists look at these frightening beasts.

    Trackways can uncover a lot about the social behavior of a species. Unfortunately, very few tyrannosaur footprints have ever been found, and until recently, the only ones known were single prints discovered in Mongolia, the western U.S., and western Canada. But in October 2011, a hunting guide named Aaron Fredlund found two tyrannosaur track marks near Tumbler Ridge, an area in the foothills of the Canadian Rockies. Over the next year, McCrea and his team searched the site and found the remaining trackways.

    The footprints are at about the same depth, which suggests the tyrannosaurs moved through the area at the same time. Impressions of the dinosaurs' rough skin are even visible in the prints. The prints are also in near-perfect condition. That's because the ground had a high clay (黏土 ) content when the dinosaurs walked through the area. The land was later covered by a thick layer of volcanic ash, which kept the marks intact (完整). "This is the most ideal situation you could ask for," McCrea says.

    Researchers aren't sure of the exact species of tyrannosaur that left the prints. But the historic findings show a great deal about how the beasts moved and behaved. “We have extremely convincing evidence that tyrannosaurs traveled in groups,” says McCrea. "This is probably the most important evidence to come out to date on that topic."

 阅读理解

The weather in Texas may have cooled since the recent extreme heat, but the temperature will be high at the State Board of Education meeting in Austin this month as officials debate how climate change is taught in Texas schools.

Pat Hardy, who agrees with the views of the energy department, is resisting proposed changes to science standards for pre-teen pupils. These would emphasize the significance of human activity in recent climate change and encourage discussion of reduction measures.

Most scientists and experts sharply argue against Hardy's views. "They casually view the career work of scholars and scientists as just another misguided opinion," says Dan Quinn, senior communications strategist at the Texas Freedom Network, a non-profit group that monitors public education. Such debates reflect fierce discussions across the US and around the world, as researchers, policymakers, teachers and students step up demands for a greater focus on teaching about the facts of climate change in schools.

A study, looking at how state public schools across the country address climate change in science classes, gave barely half of US states a grade B+ or higher. Among the 10 worst performers were some of the most populous states, including Texas, which was given the lowest grade (F) and has a huge influence because its textbooks are widely sold elsewhere.

Glenn Branch, the center's deputy director, cautions that setting state-level science standards is only one limited norm in a country that decentralizes (使分权)decisions to local school boards. Even if a state is considered a high performer in its science standards, "that does not mean it will be taught", he says.

Branch points out that, even if a growing number of official guidelines and textbooks reflect scientific consensus (共识) on climate change, unofficial educational materials that convey more biased(带有偏见的) perspectives are being distributed to teachers. They include materials sponsored by libertarian think-tanks(智库) and energy industry associations. 

 阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

When you are going to visit Beijing, it's likely that you'll want to visit the Tiananmen Square.

{#blank#}1{#/blank#}square is impressively big and is located to the north, separating Beijing from the Forbidden City. The Forbidden City is a breathtaking palace complex (建筑群) that {#blank#}2{#/blank#}(house) the palace museum and was formally the Chinese royal palace from the Ming dynasty to the end of the Qing dynasty. Covering 178 acres, the Forbidden City is made up of 980 buildings. 

The Temple of Heaven, including Lama Temple (Yonghe Temple), the Beijing Temple of Confucius and Beijing Zoo,{#blank#}3{#/blank#}(recommend) as well. Lama Temple is one of Beijing's most attractive and best-preserved{#blank#}4{#/blank#}(temple). The zoo is one of the oldest in China,{#blank#}5{#/blank#} (date) back to 1906, and is home to a great variety of animals.

The Great Wall isn't located in the city itself, but if you have made the trip to Beijing, you can't leave{#blank#}6{#/blank#}going to see it. There are many organized tours from Beijing{#blank#}7{#/blank#} will take you to the Mutianyu Great Wall. If you don't want{#blank#}8{#/blank#} (sweep) away by big crowds in summer, visit the wall in winter. It will be{#blank#}9{#/blank#}(extreme) cold, but you'll have a better experience. It will be{#blank#}10{#/blank#} (easy) to shoot nice pictures too.

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