题型：阅读选择 题类：常考题 难易度：普通
广东省广州市白云区2020年初中英语毕业班综合训练（一）
Tsunami (海啸): Killer Wave
The warnings are few. The signs are sudden. The ground shakes. The tide goes into reverse. A great roaring sound fills the air. And then… It strikes. Wave after wave of crashing, crushing water. And when it is over, nothing is left. A tsunami.
The word in Japanese means "harbor wave". Japan has been hit by many tsunamis in its history, as a result of its location. It lies across the edges of4 tectonic plates (地光板块). Most earthquakes are born in such places. When two tectonic plates push together, the earthquake sends enormous amounts of energy up through the ocean. A series of waves expands in all directions. In deep water, these waves travel fast — up to 500 miles an hour — but reach a height of only a few feet. A passing ship may not even noticethem. But as the waves enter shallow waters and come into contact with the ocean floor, their speed is reduced but their height is raised. As they move onto land, the waves can rise as high as a 10-story building.
A tsunami wave doesn't break like an ordinary wave. Instead, it advances like a wall of water, crashing over everything in its way, sometimes reaching more than a kilometer inland. More damage is caused when the wave moves back out to sea. It drags everything in its path underwater and out to sea. Most tsunamis have several waves. They arrive between 10 and 60 minutes after the first strike — just when survivors think the danger has passed.
The deadliest tsunami ever recorded occurred in December of 2004. An earthquake off the coast of Indonesia caused a tsunami that rushed across the Indian Ocean and reached as far as the coast of Africa. Whole sections of cities were destroyed. More than 200,000 people died.
Most had no way of being warned. Five thousand miles away in Hawaii, scientists at the Pacific Tsunami Warning Center monitor the earth's movements 24 hours a day. They hope to prevent a similar disaster from happening in the Pacific region. If they discover a quake big enough to cause a tsunami, the scientists try to find out where the wave will head and warn people in its path. Their advice is simple: leave the coastal areas and move to higher ground. Wait for news that the danger has passed. And be ready to deal with the damage that a tsunami leaves behind.
Mr. Wang once worked in an emergent(急救) center. He wrote reports every day and the following are four reports from him.
Name: Brain Morton Telophone:3827-0834 Date of birth:5/29/1982 Accident: His car hit a tree after trying not to hit a dog at 10:45 a. m. Injuries(伤害): His head got hurt. |
Name: Steven Lee Telephone:3654-4924 Date of birth:1/31/1979 Accident: He was at home alone and his house was on fire at 5:30p. m. Injuries: He had problems breathing(呼吸). |
Name: Norman Bailey Telephone:7836-4923 Date of birth:11/22/2002 Accident: He fell down while playing football in the park at 3:40p. m. Injuries: He had a very bad pain in his left arm. |
Name: Tracy White Telephone:3728-3890 Date of birth:2/7/2010 Accident: She went for a picnic with her parents in a forest. A snake bit her at 4:00 p. m. Injuries: Her right foot was bleeding(流血). |
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